BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



243 



greenish wing-cases and has a firm cocoon 

 formed of particles of the plant. 



E. fraxinata, Crewe. The Ash-tree Pug. 

 Fore wings very pointed at the apex, smoky 

 brown, with indistinct darker transverse Hnes, 

 whicli form a sharply angulated band, and 

 with a distinct black central spot in the angle. 

 Hind wings pale brown with a central spot 

 and numerous indistinct waved transverse lines 

 near the hind margin. It is found in Central 

 Europe in July. The larva is dark green with 

 a purplish dorsal line, a waved yellow lateral 

 line and yellow incisions. It feeds on ash. 



E. pygmaeata, Hubn. The Marsh Pug. 

 Fore wings somewhat narrow with straight 

 hind margins and sharp angles. Hind wings 

 small. It is smoky brown with dark spots on 

 the costa of the fore wings, forming the com- 

 mencement of the usually indistinct transverse 

 lines, a very small central spot, and a sub- 

 marginal line, more distinct in the female than 

 in the male, which is expanded into spots in 

 cell lb. The fringes are smoky brown in the 

 inner half and lighter in the terminal half, 

 without spots. Hind wings without markings, 

 except a light spot near the anal angle repre- 

 senting the submarginal line. It is found on 

 moors in Central Europe in June. The larva 

 feeds on the flowers and seeds of StcUaria 

 holostea. 



E. isogrammaria, Herr.-SchafT. Haworth's 

 Pug is pale grey with numerous dark waved 

 transverse lines on all the wings, less distinct 

 on the hind wings than on the fore wings. 

 There is no central spot. Beyond the middle 

 of the fore wings is a whitish band ; the mar- 

 ginal line is indistinct and the fringes are not 

 spotted. The abdomen is tinged with orange 

 on the first three segments. It is found in 

 Central Europe in June and July, and flies 

 about Clematis vitalba in the sunshine. The 

 larva is pale bluish green with a purplish dorsal 

 line and transverse bars of the same colour. 

 When full-grown it is bright flesh-coloured. 

 It feeds in the flower-buds of Clematis vitalba, 

 which it blackens and perforates. 



E. tenuiata, Hubn. The Slender Pug. 

 Fore wings short and broad, pale brownish 

 grey, verging on moss-green, with a brown 

 transverse line, darkest on the costa and on 

 the inner side near the submarginal line. The 



anterior transverse band is indistinct, and the 

 central line of the middle one forms a sharp 

 curve round the central spot. The posterior 

 transverse band is sharply interrupted on the 

 inner side on nervure 6 and between it and 

 the light submarginal line is an additional 

 light transverse line. Hind wings not lighter 

 but with more distinct markings than the fore 

 wings. It is found in Central Europe from 

 June to August. The larva is greyish white, 

 tinged with greenish, with darker dorsal lines. 

 It feeds on the catkins of willow and sallow. 



E. subciliata, Guen. The Maple Pug. 

 Fore wings pale greyish brown with numerous 

 darker transverse lines, an indistinct central 

 spot, and dark grey hind margins, intersected 

 by a paler submarginal line. The hind wings 

 resemble the fore wings. The antennae are 

 slightly ciliated in the male. This moth, which 

 appears in July, is confined to a few localities 

 in England. 



E. plumbeolata, Haw. The Lead-coloured 

 Pug is ashy grey with numerous fine regular 

 transverse lines. The central spot is wanting 

 or very indistinct and the light submarginal 

 line is double. It is common in Central Europe 

 in May and June. The larva feeds on the 

 leaves of Melampynim pvateiisc. 



E. valerianata, Hiibn. The Valerian Pug. 

 Fore wings longer and narrower than in the 

 last species, and redder, with the transverse 

 lines more indistinct. The posterior band is 

 much more curved towards the base near the 

 costa, and the submargmal line is whiter and 

 broader in cell ib. The central spot is very 

 indistinct, or may be wanting. It is found in 

 Central Europe in June and July. The larva 

 feeds on the flowers and seed of Valeriana 

 officinalis. 



E. pernotata, Guen. Guenee's Pug. Fore 

 wings pearly grey with a yellowish tinge, with 

 numerous paler waved transverse lines, a 

 distinct whitish submarginal line, with a reddish 

 band in front of it, and a black central spot. 

 Hind wings similar to the fore wings, but 

 without the yellowish tinge. It is a scarce 

 species found in Piedmont in July, and was 

 once bred from a larva found in England. 

 The larva feeds on Solidago virgaurea. 



E. satyrata, Hubn. The Satyr Pug. Fore 

 wings rather broad with rounded tips and long 



