BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



245 



and July. The larva is light ochreous brown 

 with a series of blackish lozenge-shaped spots 

 on the back, and a similar line on the sides. 

 It feeds on the unripe seeds and capsules of 

 Campanula trachclinm. 



E. albipunctata, Haw. The White-spotted 

 Pug is dark gray with indistinct double bands, 

 black nervures dotted with white, and a black 

 central spot. The submarginal line is spotted 

 with white in cells ib and 3 of the fore wings 

 and in cell ic of the hind wings. It is found 

 in Central Europe in May and June. The 

 larva is greenish or brownish yellow with a 

 series of brown spots on the back and dusky 

 blotches on the sides. It feeds on Angelica 

 sylvestris and Herndeiim sphondylium. 



E. absynthiata, Clerck. The Wormwood 

 Pug. Fore wings light or reddish violet, 

 brightest between the posterior double band, 

 and the submarginal line, with a deep black 

 central spot and dark spots on the costa, 

 forming the commencement of the two very 

 indistinct transverse bands. The submarginal 

 line is fine, white, interrupted and expanded 

 in cell lb. The fringes are darker in the 

 basal half, especially on the nervures. Hind 

 wings paler, almost unicolorous, with a scarceK^ 

 perceptible central spot. It is common in 

 Central and Northern Europe in June and 

 July. The larva is yellowish green with a row 

 of brown lozenge-shaped spots on the back 

 and a yellow line on the sides. It feeds on 

 Artemisia, Achillea, Senecio, Etipatmm, and golden- 

 rod {Solidago). 



E. minutata, Guen. The Heather Pug 

 closely resembles the last species, but is smaller 

 and less reddish. It is found in West-Central 

 Europe in June. The larva is pale flesh- 

 coloured with a pale dorsal line intersecting 

 a row of brown triangular spots and a pale 

 lateral line. It feeds on heath [Calluna vulgaris). 



E. assimilata, Guen. The Currant Pug 

 resembles the last two species, but has more 

 rounded dusky greyish brown fore wings, with 

 a whiter submarginal line. It is found in 

 West-Central Europe in May. The larva is 

 pale yellowish green with a dark dorsal line, 

 a yellow line below it and a black spot above 

 on the four middle segments. It feeds on 

 black currant. 



E. expallidata, Guen. The Bleached Pug. 



Fore wings broad, somewhat rounded at the 

 tips, pale brownish grey, with a number of 

 transverse markings on the costa, a black 

 central spot, and a waved and interrupted 

 whitish submarginal line. Hind wings of the 

 same colour as the fore wings with a central 

 spot but scarcely any darker markings. It is 

 found in West-Central Europe in ]\Ay and 

 August. The larva is very variable. It may 

 be green, yellowish or chocolate-colour, usually 

 with a pale brown dorsal line, a chain of deep 

 brown dorsal spots, and a yellowish lateral 

 line. It feeds on golden-rod. 



E. pimpinellata, Hubn. The Long-winged 

 Pug. Fore wings broad, almost lanceolate, 

 light reddish grey, w4th the nervures and the 

 space from the submarginal line to the base 

 distinctly rust-coloured. All the transverse 

 lines are very fine, and most of them are 

 sharply defined and distinct. Both transverse 

 bands are distinctly triple, and there is another 

 similar band between them, the central line 

 of which intersects the deep black central 

 lunule. This, as well as the opposed sides of 

 the transverse bands, is distinctly blacker in 

 front. The posterior transverse band is waved 

 on the inner side on nervure 6. It is found 

 in Central Europe and the South of France 

 in July. The larva is dirty green with red 

 angular dorsal spots from segments 5 to 8, and 

 a reddish line on the others. It feeds on 

 wormwood, bluebell, pimpernel, and other low 

 plants. The pupa is ochre-yellow, with greenish 

 brown wing-cases. It hibernates in a fine 

 cocoon. 



E. constrictata, Guen. The Wild Thyme 

 Pug. Fore wings grey with numerous darker 

 waved transverse lines, which are most dis- 

 tinct on the costa but vanish towards the 

 centre. There is a very distinct black central 

 spot and a pale grey submarginal line. Hind 

 wings pale grey, darker on the hind margin, 

 with an indistinct central spot, and a pale 

 indented submarginal line. The moth is found 

 in some parts of the North of England and 

 Scotland, and is common in Ireland. The 

 larva is dark green, with a purplish red dorsal 

 stripe and a greenish yellow lateral line. It 

 feeds on wild thyme. 



E. indigata, Hiibn. The Ochreous Pug. 

 Fore wings very narrow and pointed, with 



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