246 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



straight hind margins. This is the palest and 

 most faintly marked of the genus. It varies 

 from dirty reddish flesh-colour to reddish grey, 

 often without any marliings at all except the 

 large central lunule. In strongly marked speci- 

 mens a curved line at the base, another in 

 the place of the anterior transverse band, the 

 three parallel lines in the inner marginal half 

 in the place of the posterior transverse band, 

 and a shading to the marginal line may be 

 distinguished. It is common, especially in 

 fir woods, in Central and Southern Europe in 

 May and August. The larva is pale greenish 

 yellow or yellowish red, with a dusky reddish 

 brown dorsal line and pale yellow subdorsal 

 lines. It feeds on fir and juniper. 



E. abbreviata, Steph. The Brindled Pug. 

 Fore wings ochreous grey with somewhat lighter 

 double stripes, a slight central spot and a 

 central area which is darker on the inner side. 

 The anterior transverse stripe is somewhat 

 curved. The submarginal line is indistinct. 

 Nervures i and 2 are completely fulvous, 3 

 and 4 only in the central area, and all are 

 fulvous in the marginal area. The hind wings 

 have a distinct central spot, and transverse 

 lines. It is found in Central and Western 

 Europe in March and April. The larva is 

 pale yellowish red with a pale olive median 

 line, a series of V-shaped spots of the same 

 colour along the back, and a yellowish lateral 

 line. It feeds on oak. The pupa is bright 

 red with paler wing-cases, and is enclosed in 

 a slight earthen cocoon. 



E. dodoneata, Guen. The Oak-tree Pug. 

 Fore wings rather short, rounded, pale grey 

 with numerous darker waved transverse lines, 

 a black central spot on a whitish central area, 

 and a whitish submarginal line most distinct 

 at the hinder angle. It is found in Western 

 Europe in May and June. The larva is 

 ochreous red or pale yellowish green with a 

 darker median line, a series of blotches on 

 the back, and a dull yellow or duskj' lateral 

 line. It feeds on oak. 



E. exiguata, Hubn. The Mottled Pug. 

 Fore wings large, broad, and pointed, brownish 

 white, with three transverse bands, the anterior 

 of which is slightlj' interrupted, the middle 

 one vcrj' indistinctly bordered, and the posterior 

 with sharp black sagittate spots on nervures 



2 and 7 as in sobvinata. The submarginal 

 line has three dark spots towards the base. 

 Hind wings with the same markings as the 

 fore wings, but less distinct. There is a 

 central spot on all the wings. It is common 

 in Central Europe in June and July. The 

 larva is very slender, dark green with a brick- 

 red dorsal and a similar lateral line, a red 

 head and a red spot centred with lighter' on the 

 back of each segment, beginning with the 

 fifth. It feeds on barberry, maple, whitethorn, 

 willow, raspberry, etc. The pupa is slender, 

 greenish brown, and is contained in rolled- 

 up leaves. 



E. sobrinata, Hiibn. The Juniper Pug 

 is brownish grey with the fore wings narrow 

 with two light double bands, the anterior of 

 which is sharply angularly interrupted, with 

 the point touching the central spot, and 

 the posterior obtusely angularly interrupted. 

 There is usually another simple or double 

 line through the middle of the central area, 

 crossing the central spot, which is marked 

 with a white blotch behind. The posterior 

 double band has black sagittate spots on the 

 nervures on the inner side. The pale some- 

 what interrupted submarginal line has two 

 sharp dentations on the costa, two stout spots 

 at the hinder angle extending more inwards, 

 and black longitudinal streaks in the middle 

 on both sides, between the nervures. The 

 marginal line is fine and black. The fringes 

 are finely intersected through the middle and 

 spotted with darker on their inner half on 

 the nervures. The hind wings are grey with 

 a posterior transverse band and a submarginal 

 line. It is common in Central and Northern 

 Europe in August and September. The larva 

 is green or reddish, with a row of darker dorsal 

 spots and a whitish lateral line, the markings 

 being more or less distinct. It feeds on the 

 flowers of juniper. The pupa is greenish or 

 yellowish brown, and has a slight cocoon, 

 made from the fallen leaves of the food-plant. 



E. pumilata, Hiibn. The Double- striped 

 Pug. The three transverse bands of the pointed 

 fore wings are greyish yellow, the rest of the 

 wings being reddish grey, darkest from the 

 middle band to the base, and with short zigzag 

 marks on the inner side of the posterior band. 

 This band is whitish on the inner side and 



