-25'6 The Plant World. 



numerous changes have been made in the names of plants 

 and in the decapitalization of specific names to conform with 

 modern botanical usage. The ferns, scouring rushes, club 

 mosses and pines are treated of in the beginning of the book 

 by virtue of their taxonomic position, while for a similar rea- 

 son the sunflower family is placed last. Instead of illustra- 

 tions appearing in the back of the book as plates, they are 

 now scattered through the work where they cannot fail to 

 be consulted. Families and genera difficult of determination, 

 especially for the beginner, and those which have undergone 

 recent revision at the hands of numerous specialists almost 

 without exception have their critical characters illustrated. 

 Thus we find certain ferns, horsetails, quillworts, also most 

 grasses, sedges, rushes, orchids, willows, oaks, hawthorns, 

 umbellifers and asters among the composites illustrated in 

 their technical and determinative characters. The technique 

 of the work is all that could be asked for. 



For valid reasons the territory covered by the book 

 has been extended on the north to include Nova Scotia, New- 

 Brunswick and the greater portion of Quebec and Ontario; 

 while on the west the territory between the 96th and looth 

 meridian has been excluded. The flora treated of is, there- 

 fore, more homogeneous than heretofore. 



FALL BLOSSOiMING OF THE APPLE INDUCED BY 



THE BLACK R01\ 



By H. S. Rkkd. 



On October ^th, the writer found normal blossoms on 

 an apple tree in the orchards of the Virginia Experiment 

 Station, at a time when the normal apple trees were shedding 

 their leaves preparatory to entering upon the usual winter 

 rest. The tree upon which the blossoms were obserxed was 

 of the variety known as Early Ripe and was seriously infest- 

 ed with the black rot of apples (Spliaeropsis malonim ) . The 

 Sphaeropsis cankers on the litnbs had caused the death of 



