Sec. 19.4] THE SAFE HANDLING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS 457 



Fig. 119. Scissors-type tongs commonly used for handling small pieces of apparatus con- 

 taining radioactive materials. 



of apparatus, long tongs and rods bent to pass over the shielding, or they may 

 consist in more elaborate mechanisms in the form of pantographs. Opera- 

 tions under these conditions usually must be performed with the aid of large 

 mirrors in order to view the apparatus and manipulations indirectly through 

 the shield. Two or four reflections are preferable since the mirrors easily 



