470 ISOTOPIC TRACERS AND NUCLEAR RADIATIONS [Chap. 19 



Group III. "Radioactive materials that emit electrically charged cor- 

 puscular rays only . . . ." Each outside container must be labeled with 

 a properly executed blue label, as shown in Fig. 122. 



Summary of the principal shipping regulations is as follows: 



a. Radioactive materials that have a tendency to remain fixed in the 

 human body must be packed in an inside tube container of stainless steel, 

 malleable iron, or brass with dimensions not to exceed 3 in. diameter or 8 in. 

 length. It must have a minimum wall thickness of % in. and a screw-type 

 cap or plug at one or both ends with a number of threads per inch not less 

 than that of U.S. Standard taper pipe threads. 



b. Packing and shielding must be such that film fogging in 24 hr at 15 ft. 

 will not exceed that produced by 11.5 milliroentgens of gamma rays from 

 radium shielded by % in. of lead. 



c. There must be no significant surface contamination. 



d. Minimum dimension of outside shipping container is 4 in. 



e. Gamma radiation must not exceed 200 milliroentgens per hr at any 

 readily accessible surface. Container must be equipped with handles or 

 protective devices if necessary to meet this condition. 



/. Outside container must be wood or fiberboard as per specifications or 

 else as approved by the Bureau of Explosives. 



g. Shielding of group I materials must be such that gamma radiation at 

 1 m from source never exceeds 10 milliroentgens per hr and corpuscular 

 radiation does not escape to exterior of outside container. The shield must 

 not open or break under conditions incident to shipping. 



h. Group II materials must be packed in suitable inside container and 

 shielded so that radiation at right angles to long axis does not exceed 10 milli- 

 roentgens per hr at 1 m for gamma radiation or the equivalent in corpuscular 

 radiation or 2 milliroentgens per hr at 1 m gamma equivalent of neutrons. 

 If several types of radiation are present, the total is not to exceed these values. 



i. Liquid materials of all groups must be contained in tight glass, earthen- 

 ware, or other suitable inside container and surrounded by sufficient absorbent 

 material within the shield to absorb the entire liquid contents. Alternatively, 

 the metal inside container of Rule a can be used. 



j. Group III materials must be so shielded that primary corpuscular 

 radiation does not reach the exterior of the shipping container and secondary 

 radiation at container surface does not exceed 10 milliroentgens per 24 hr. 



Radioactive materials are exempt from prescribed packing and labeling 

 provided: 



a. No leakage can occur under conditions incident to transportation. 



b. The package must contain not more than 0.1 millicurie of radium or 

 polonium, or that amount of Sr 89 , Sr 90 , or Ba 140 which disintegrates at the 



