542 



ISOTOPIC TRACERS AND NUCLEAR RADIATIONS [Chap. 29 



Table 46. Important Stable and Radioactive Isotopes That Have Been Used in 

 Biological and Medical Investigations: Tracer Studies 



For extended discussions of tracer studies with radioactive isotopes, see books of 

 Karaen [Gen80] and Hevesy [Gen76]. For discussion of use of stable isotopes, see book 

 by Govaerts [Gen 62]. 



The elements marked with a dagger f ( an d their naturally occurring isotopes) are 

 known or believed to be essential in mammalian nutrition. 



An isotope is placed in parentheses if it occurs together with another isotope or isotopes 

 (of the same element) when used for tracer work but is itself not significant for the tracer 

 purposes to which the mixture may be applied. Two isotopes are connected by a brace if 

 they occur together in tracer preparations and are of about equal importance. 



A. Stable isotopes 



B. Artificial radioactive isotopes 



