INDEX 



047 



Feather analysis, 59-61 



Fermi distribution of beta particle energy, 



374 

 Fermi effect, 78 

 Fields of nucleus, 1-7, 149-151 

 Field strength in ionization chambers, 344, 



361 

 Filling gases, for counters, 311-312, 315-316 



for ionization chambers, 346-347 



for proportional counters, 341-342 

 Film-badge meters, 464-465 

 Film, stripping, 383 

 Films, produced by electrolysis, 438 

 Fine structure constant, 68, 499 

 Fission, 123, 126-130, 148-162, 186 



spontaneous, 150-151 



by various radiations, 161 



of various substances, 161 

 Fission barrier, 149-151 

 Fission fragments, 148, 151-155, 341, 346 



kinetic energy of, 149 



range in air of, 157 



range in gases of, 155 



transmission of, 156 



velocity-range curve of, 155 

 Fission products, 317 



in radiotherapy, 540 



yield of, 152, 160 

 Fluctuations in radioactive decay, 165 

 Fluorine, in biological tracer studies, 530, 

 542 



isotopes of, 15, 189 

 Flux, of energy, 33, 37, 348, 403 



of gamma rays, 369 



of neutrons, 131, 316 

 Free float, 263 

 Frequency-modulated cyclotron, 486-488 



Gallium, in biological tracer studies, 531, 



547 

 isotopes of, 15, 200-201 

 Gamma rays, 32-48 

 absorption of, 32-35 



in tissue, 409-411, 419-422 

 absorption coefficient for, 33-35, 421 



in aluminum, 46 



in lead, 47, 48 



in water (tissue), 420, 428 



Gamma rays, atomic cross section for, 33, 

 36, 39-40 

 electronic cross section for, 33, 36, 38-40 

 in fission, 158-159 

 linear absorption coefficient for, 33, 36, 



39-40 

 mass absorption coefficient for, 33, 36, 

 39-40 

 in air, 36 

 in water, 36 

 Gamma-ray standards, 361-378 

 Gauss distribution, 90-91. 165, 319 

 Geiger-Miiller counters, 304-340 

 Geiger-Miiller discharge, 342 

 Geiger-Miiller plateau, 308 

 Geiger-Miiller region, 310 

 Geiger-Xuttal relations, 95 

 Geometrical efficiency of counters, 373 

 Geometrical factor in dose calculations, 



423-424, 430, 434-437 

 Geometry of beta counters, 372-377 

 Gold, in biological tracer studies, 533, 544, 

 549 

 isotopes of, 21, 244 

 in radiotherapy, 541, 551 

 Gram-roentgen, unit of dose, 404, 412-413, 



418 

 Guard ring, in ionization chambers, 345-346 



H 



Half-lives of radioisotopes, 72-75, 187-259 

 of natural radioactive series, 178-182 

 Half-value layer, 33-34 



of shielding materials, 463 

 Hazards of radioisotopes, 450-453 

 Heavy water, 263-277 

 Up, of beta particles, 49-50 

 Hydrogen, detection of isotopes of, 516 

 isotope effect of, in tracer studies, 388, 512 

 isotopes of, 15, 187 

 in tracer studies, 515-516, 542 

 (See also Neutrons; Protons) 

 Hydrogenous radiators, for neutron count- 

 ers, 318 



Index of precision, 319 



Insensitive time, of counters, 322-323 



