raunkiaer's life forms 33 



rophytes and chamaephytes with simple (including lobed) leaves. 

 From the facts shown in tables 1 to 4 and from the percentage 

 both of number of species and valence of species of phanero- 

 phytes and chamaephytes with entire (and lobed) leaves com- 

 pared with the total number of those forms in each of the four 

 formations, the data shown in table 5 are obtained. We at 

 once see that the life-forms in question (evergreen phanerophytes 

 and chamaephytes with simple leaves) are dominant in number 

 of species, constituting from 58 to 80% of the phanerophytes 

 and chamaephytes in the four formations, but when we take 

 cognizance of the species valence, then this dominance becomes 

 more evident and the percentages lie between 82 and 99.5, hence 

 it appears that the formations are more nearly alike than would 

 be indicated by the comparative number of species. The four 

 formations are therefore very closely related in the dominance 

 of evergreen phanerophytes and chamaephytes with simple (in- 

 cluding lobed) leaves. It is therefore appropriate to undertake 

 to compare the ''leaf-size" in the "life-forms" of the four forma- 

 tions and to attempt to characterize them in that respect. 



In tables 1 to 4 the last column gives the "leaf-size-class" to 

 which each of the species with which we are concerned belongs, 

 and by means of the species' valence per cent in column 2 we 

 are able to determine the relative importance of the leaf-size- 

 classes in the formations. 



In the Calluna vulgaris formation there are two species that 

 are nanophyll, namely, Arctostaphylos and Vaccinium vitis-idaea, 

 making with the valence per cent 14 points; two species, Cal- 

 luna vulgaris and Empetrum nigrum are leptophyll, giving to- 

 gether 188 points, that is, the nanophylls constitute 7% and 

 the leptophylls 93% in the formation. In the Thymus hiemalis 

 formation all the species are leptophyll, hence it is 100% lep- 

 tophyll. In a similar manner the Erica multiflora formation 

 shows 21% nanophyll and 79% leptophyll. In the Arbutus unedo, 

 Quercus coccifera formation (table 4) we have three leaf size- 

 classes; namely, 59% microphyll, 27% nanophyll and 14% 

 leptophyll. It must be noted that Cistus salviaefolius is regarded 

 as a microphyll. It is often placed between microphylls and 



