DYXAMir STUDIES OF VEC.ETATION 41 



1. Upland mradow or wcotly si'^i-^^-l^iK^ ainoiiji; tlwellinss, 

 College Point. The soil is described as "Miami stony loajn" 

 in the government soil sm'vey of western Long Island (1905), 

 and it is above the average in fertility, and differs from the soils 

 at the other localities named below in being well supplied with 

 earthworms. A few centuries ago it was doubtless covered with 

 deciduous forest, examples of which can still be seen a few miles 

 away. It was probably cultivated during part of the last century, 

 and abandoned by farmers when residences became too numerous 

 in the vicinitj'. The present vegetation is of a type very com- 

 mon in and around New York City, consisting mostly of Euro- 

 pean weeds, such as Anthoxanthum, Dactylis, Plantago lanceolata 

 and Trifolium pratense. Two square yards about 50 feet 

 apart, one partly shaded and one more exposed, were cut over 

 twice, first on June 29 and next on September 9. The foliage 

 that withered away before the first cutting and that which grew 

 up after the last would add perhaps 10% to the total bulk. 



2. A pure stand of Spartma patens in a brackish marsh be- 

 tween College Point and Wh-itestone (fig. 1). One cutting was 

 made on September 13, which probably represents at least 95% 

 of the year's growth, exclusive of roots. 



3. Typha latifolia, with about 1% of other vegetation, near 

 the same place, cut on the same date. A stand of average 

 density, about 5 feet tall, with 30 stems (two or three of them 

 fruiting) per square y^rd. When the spot was re-visited about 

 a month later no subsequent growth could be detected. 



4. Phragmites communis, a large patch in full bloom in same 

 marsh, about 10 feet tall, with 77 stems per square yard or 372,- 

 (380 per acre (fig. 2). Cut September 19, practically at the end 

 of the season's growth. Quite a number of leaves had already 

 fallen, but those were gathered up as completely as possible 

 and weighed with the rest. 



5. Typha angustifolia in a fresh marsh at head of same brackish 

 marsh, 9 feet tall, with 61 stems per square yard, all sterile. 

 Cut September 19. If there had been any fruiting stems the 

 dry weight and ash would probably have been greater. 



THE PLANT WORLD, VOL. 21, NO. 2 



