62 G. D. FULLER AND A. L. BAKKE 



Class III. Microphanerophyte formation 



A. Evergreen 



a. Broad-leaved (mega-micro- 



phyll) Pigmy forest in tropics and 



sub-tropics. 



b. Narrow-leaved (micro-lepto- 



phyll) Pigmy or low conifer forest. 



B. Deciduous Low forest in tropical, sub- " 



tropical and temperate zones; 

 tall scrub. 

 Class IV. Nanophanerophyte formation 



A. Evergreen 



a. Broad-leaved (mega-micro- 



phyll) Scrub palm, certain forms of 



maqui 



b. Narrow-leaved (micro-lepto- 



phyll) Maqui 



B. Deciduous Low scrub. 



Class V. Chamaephyte formation Examples 



A. Evergreen (subdivided on the 



basis of xeromorphy and leaf 



size) Certain forms of heath. 



B. Deciduous Formations of chamaephytic 



species of Salix, Vaccimwi, 

 etc. 

 Class VI. Herbaceous formations (Hemicryp- 



tophytes, Geophytes and Thero- 



phytes). Subdivided first, and 



foremost according to height (tall 



perennials, low perennials) and 



xeromorphy Hygrophilous and mesophilous 



meadow, forest floor forma- 

 tions, grass-steppes, etc. 

 VII. Helophyte formation 



A. Tall Formations of Typha, Scirpus 



lacuster, Phragmiies, etc. 



B. Low Formations of Carices, Equise- 



tuni, etc. 

 VIII. Hydrophyte formation 



A. Floating-leaved 



a. Rooted Formations ol Nymphaceae, Po- 



tamogeton, etc. 



b. Free floating Formations of Hydrocharis, 



Lemna, etc. 



B. Submerged 



a. Rooted Formations of Potamogeton, 



Myriophyllum, Characeae, 

 etc.. 



b. Non-rooted Formations of Ceratophyllum, 



Utrrcularia. Lemna, etc. 



