raunkiaer's life forms 63 



The above is a system of formation analysis into primary 

 divisions so fundamental that the biological and physiognomical 

 coincide and are both emphasized. Within its limits there is 

 a place for off-shoots or subdivisions of larger or smaller extent 

 expressing characters of special biological significance which re- 

 quire special biological (ecological) characterization in the sys- 

 tematic analysis of a narrowly limited formation. 



25. By more intensive studies of climatic factors, of soil 

 chemistryj of physical and biological conditions and by a wide 

 investigation of the morphological, anatomical and physiologi- 

 cal nature of plant species, ecology will be able to reach an under- 

 standing of the place of each individual species in a formation. 



