CHAPTER V 



TEMPERATURE DETERMINATIONS 



Lawrence R. Prouty and James D. Hardy, Cornell University 



Medical College 



A. Temperature Scales 132 



1 . Arbitrary Scales 132 



2. Absolute (Kelvin) Scale 133 



B. Liquid Thermometers 134 



1 . Miscellaneous Modifications 134 



2. Calibration of Mercury-in-Glass Thermometers 138 



3. Applications of Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 140 



4. Limitations of Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 140 



C. Thermoelectric Thermometers 141 



1 . Thermoelectric Force 143 



2. Measurement of Thermoelectric Force 144 



3 . Calibration of Thermocouples 147 



4. Applications of Thermocouples 149 



5 . Limitations of Thermocouples 154 



D. Resistance Thermometers 154 



1 . Types of Resistance Thermometers 155 



2. Electrical Circuits for Resistance Thermometers 157 



3. Calibration of Resistance Thermometers 160 



4. Applications of Resistance Thermometers 160 



5. Limitations of Resistance Thermometers 162 



E. Temperature Measurement by Radiation 162 



1 . General Principles 162 



2 . Calibration of Radiometers 163 



3 . Applications of Radiometers 164 



4. Limitations of Radiometers 165 



F. Miscellaneous Temperature Measuring Devices 165 



1 . Thermoluminescence 165 



2. Dielectric Constant Changes 165 



3 . Thermosensitive Magnetic Alloys 166 



4. Thermal Conductivity Cells 166 



5. Bimetallic Strip Thermometers. 166 



6 . Thermoscopes 167 



G. Special Temperature Problems in Biophysics 167 



Theory of the Master Reaction 170 



References 171 



131 



