CHAPTER VI 



CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 



Max KleiBER, University of California 



A. Principles 176 



1 . Heat and Temperature 176 



2. Heat Capacity 176 



3. Heat Quantity 178 



4. Latent Heat 179 



5 . Chemical Energy 181 



B. Fields of Application 182 



1 . Heat Transfer 182 



2. Measurement of Radiant Energy 183 



3. Measurement of Chemical Energy 183 



C. Calorimetric Methods 185 



1 . Classification and Choice of Calorimeters 185 



2. Adiabatic Measurements 186 



3 . Measurement of Heat Flow through Walls 187 



4. Differential Calorimetry 189 



5. Prevention of Heat Leaks 189 



6. Measurement of Heat Flow by Circulating Medium 191 



7 . Bomb Calorimetry 193 



8. Microcalorimetry 196 



9. Partitional Calorimetry and Kata Thermometer 198 



10. Indirect Calorimetry 200 



D. Limitations and Errors 203 



1 . Instrumental Error 203 



2. Sampling Error 204 



3 . Biological Variation 204 



4 . Errors in Interpretation 205 



5 . Limitations 205 



E. Accomplishment of Calorimetry and Outlook 206 



1 . Practical Importance of Heat Transfer 206 



2. Calorimetry as Part of Bioenergetics 207 



3. Outlook 207 



References 208 



175 



