Table 10. Siting considerations and potential pollution from berthing facili- 

 ties (Adapted from New England River Basins Commission 1976b). 



Categories or elements 



Economic requirements/pollutants 



Siting considerations 



Land 



Terminal 

 Tank farm 



Berthage 

 Water 



Economic base 



Labor 



Wages 



Capital investment 

 Pollution sources 



Air emissions 



Wastewater contaminants 



20-30 ha (50-75 acres) 

 8-30 ha (20-75 acres) 



Approximately 304 m (1,000 ft) 

 for pier 



Potable water 

 Pu rg i ng 



25-75 jobs 



$500,000-$l,000,000/year 

 $15-$50 million 



Hydrocarbons 

 Carbon monoxide 



Oil and grease 



High BOD (Biochemical oxygen 

 demand) 

 High COD (Chemical oxygen demand) 



The first step is to remove impurities and separate gas and, in some 

 cases, water from the well stream. Gas found in a free state with little or no 

 oil present is termed non-associated gas. Non-associated gas may be reinject- 

 ed or piped inland for sale. Associated gas (which is found in solution with 

 oil), if found in large enough quantities to justify the construction of a 

 pipeline, is transported ashore for further processing and to recover liquifi- 

 abl e hydrocarbons. 



In some cases the entire well stream is piped ashore. There is a trade- 

 off here, however, between using the larger pipe size needed to carry the in- 

 creased volume (because of free water) versus the use of valuable platform 

 space for water separators. Emulsified water is usually separated out of the 

 well stream onshore because equipment necessary for this process is relatively 

 complex. Both free and emulsified water must be treated before discharge. 

 The siting considerations and impacts of onshore processing and treatment fa- 

 cilities are shown in Table 11. 



151 



