One may guesstimate some corrections to our analysis as fol- 

 lows; on the cost side, approximate inclusion of indirect 

 costs could be made by multiplying the direct costs by 1.5. 

 On the benefit side, we may use the National Academy of 

 Sciences National Research Council, Committee on Sulfur 

 Oxides, "Air Quality and Automobile Emission Control," Volume 

 I and II, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 

 (1974) to find a ratio of total benefits to morbidity bene- 

 fits; then allowing for some indirect charges on benefits, 

 one gets a multiplying factor of about 2. Accordingly, a 

 slightly more favorable B to C ratio may be anticipated for 

 the urban control scenario. 



The attitude of the willingness-to-pay was examined among the people of 

 Allegheny County, PA by Gregor (1977). He concluded that: 



...■ individuals in Allegheny County are willing to pay 

 approximately $7 million annually in order to maintain total 

 particulate (TP) at a level 1% below those experienced during 

 this 1968-72 period but only $.5 million annually for a simi- 

 lar percentage reduction in SO2. 



FUTURE TRENDS 



All nonattainment areas in Southwest Florida are scheduled to comply with 

 the air quality standards by 1982 (Florida State Department of Environmental 

 Regulation 1980a). With the exception of major urban areas, future planned 

 expansion of industrial and utility boilers is not expected to increase air 

 pollution to the extend that there is any violation of State or Federal stand- 

 ards. On the other hand, the State's major utilities are seeking to convert 

 from oil to coal 30% to 55% of the State's megawatt capacity in fossil-fueled 

 power plants. If these conversions are authorized, and if emission levels 

 authorized with the converted coal-fired utilities are less stringent than 

 current oil-fired emissions, then the potential for massive increases of 

 sulfur dioxides, nitrate oxides, and particulate matter threatens Southwest 

 Florida. It is now impossible to estimate either the magnitude of the poten- 

 tial impacts, or the degree of further power plant conversions. These problems 

 currently are under review by the appropriate private, State, and Federal 

 institutions (Florida State Department of Environmental Regulation 1980a). 



WATER POLLUTION 



FLORIDA'S WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 



Federal and State Standards 



Standards for all the designated classes of water within the State of 

 Florida are Class lA potable surface water and Class IB potable groundwater. 

 Class II is shellfish water and Class III is fish and wildlife and recreation 

 waters. Class III is by far the largest class and includes over 90% of the 

 State's surface waters. Class III marine standard is more appropriate for a 



260 



