CO:\[rOSTTAE OF TERAUSTRAL AMERICA. 183 



ceous or fruticose habit. Two new species of Senecio are de- 

 scribed and figured in the Flora by Dr. Hoffman, named respect- 

 ively after Dnsen and Hatcher: the first with fe^, radiate 

 heads, and pinnatifid leaves, the second with single, discoid head^ 

 and small linear leaves (plate xxx). Culcitium differs from 

 Senecio chiefly by having a several-seriate involucre, scales 

 smaller externally ; two of its species are in Patagonia, one ( »f 

 them with silky leaves. 



Calendulea^, the Marigolds, are known by their mucroni- 

 tailed anthers, flat, truncate styles, 1-2-seriate involucre, and no 

 receptacle-scales nor pappus. The tribe is almost exclusively 

 South-African, Calendula being Mediterranean. Eriacliaenium, 

 however, belonging to this tribe, is a monotypic Fuegian plant, 

 E. iiKU/eUanicum Sch. ]ji})., closely related to the African Oliao- 

 carpus, which also has a species on St. Helena Island. Tiie fer- 

 tile flowers of EriacJuiciiiiini are 4-merous and the corolla is ad- 

 nate to the achene. 



The Cynaroidea?, or Thistles, the predaceous tribe, are 

 chiefly from the Old World, but they have come to America, and 

 now reach down the Andes as far as Chili, and dominate in parts 

 of Argentina, extending to ISTorth Patagonia. Structurally they 

 are defined bv their homoffamous heads with long-tailed and long- 

 appendaged antlers, their short styles, their many-seriate invo- 

 lucres, and bristly receptacles; and most of all by their coarse 

 habit, and spinescent involucres and herbage. 



The true thistles of Europe (Carduus, stricte) are not in 

 America; but the Plume-thistles, Carduus (Cnicus or Cirsium), 

 also Cynara, Cardoon (having fleshy receptacles and with pa])pus 

 on a basal ring, and Silyhum, the Giant-thistles, with filaments 

 half-way connate. Silyhum marianum Gaertn. and Cynara cav- 

 dunculus form the dense thistle-groves of Argentina. Both oc- 

 cur near the Rio N^egro in North Patagonia. Carthamus, the 

 Safflower, with oblique scars on its achenes, and with unarmed 

 linear leaves, though its 20 species are oriental, has a species, C. 

 mageUanicus Lam., in Magellan. Cirsium lanceolatum (L) 



