240 THE PLANT WORLD. 



quarter to a half mile from the glacier bore some scrubby timber, 

 under which lichens, mosses and small seed-plants grew in abund- 

 ance. The only herbs collected and preserved are Oxyria dlg- 

 yna and Sagina linnaei. Other herbaceous plants were passed 

 over for want of time. 



Of the many lichens noted on the morainic material, we 

 shall mention only a few of the rarest, such as the very rareFer- 

 rucaria margacea, growing on rocks in mossy glacial brooks and 

 forming a beautiful pinkish-brown crust; Cetraria islandica, 

 growing both on the ground and also on the low branches of the' 

 trees, where it is very rarely known to occur ; Rhizocarpon hadio- 

 atrum, a very rare lichen, so much like Bliizocarpon petraeum in 

 external appearance as to be commonly passed over ; Lecanora 

 cinereo-rufescens; also a lichen very rarely collected ; Cladonia 

 gracilescens , only previously noted in one or two ISTorth Ameri- 

 can localities; and Cladonia cavneola, not known from more than 

 a half dozen ISTorth American localities. 



After the severe exercise and exhilaration of the arduous 

 climb, the latter part of the afternoon Avas spent in colleccting 

 lichens in the lower portions of the Illecillewaet Valley. Even 

 here the lichens commonly seen are nearly all alpine or arctic 

 species. Among the most interesting may be mentioned Solo- 

 rina crocea, with its beautiful saffron-red lower side; Cladonia 

 hellidiflora, which is also seen at mucli higher altitudes; Cladon- 

 coccifera, in three forms ; Parmelia amhigna, in two forms ; Pnr- 

 melia centnfuga, occurring very rarely; Nephroma arcticum, 

 occurring: verv commonlv on the rocks and earth, and with its 

 large greenish-straw-colored thallus, producing a beautiful ef- 

 fect; Aledoria fremontii, in places covering the coniferous trees 

 with its long pendulous, much-branched and dark-brown thalli ; 

 Lecanora sordida and Lecanora ventosa, the latter not often col- 

 lected. 



The third day was spent in a trip up the Hermit ]\Iountain 

 Trail, reaching about thirty-five hundred feet above the valley, 

 a total elevation of about seventy-five hundred feet. This ele- 

 vation gave a view of many glaciers lying before and on either 



