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private rights and expectations, on the one hand, and the collective 

 or public interest, on the other. It is also upon the States that the 

 Nation must rely primarily for the integration of Federal service func- 

 tions into State programs and, even more important, for the development 

 of suggested reconciliations where the regulatory or service programs 

 of different Federal agencies in a specific estuary are in conflict. 

 These are the heart of this study's recommendations for sound manage- 

 ment of the estuarine and coastal resources. 



Responsibilities inherent in this strategic and primary role of the 

 States in improving management of the Nation's coastal resources are 

 both immediate and of a more long-range nature. The immediate role to 

 be played by the States includes: 



(1) Vigorous implementation of water quality standards 

 established for each State's estuarine and coastal waters. 



(2) Maximum use of the States' available existing authority 

 to halt or minimize further undesirable physical modifica- 

 tion of estuaries through dredging, filling, and drainage. 



(3) Immediately establishing and maintaining, if presently 

 lacking, effective interstate, interagency, and State-local 

 coordination of estuarine and coastal management programs. 



(4) Conducting an early evaluation of the impact on the 

 estuaries as a result of upstream water and related land 

 resource development and the occurrence and growth of 

 upstream waste discharges, taking into account the inter- 

 state nature of Darticular interstate streams. 



