RAINFALL AND TREE GROWTH. 293 



In regard to rainfall, the table shows that the average in the 

 open country is 13 inches, with a range of from 7 inches in Ne- 

 vada to 18 inches in northern California. Yellow pine grows 

 under an average rainfall of probably over 34 inches, with a range 

 of from 19 inches in Wyoming to 44 inches in northern Califor- 

 nia. Red fir in Oregon and Washington grows under an average 

 rainfall of 56 inches, the redwood of 46 inches. Desert species 

 grow under a range of from 15 inches in Arizona to 30 inches in 

 northern California, with an average for the entire West of 24 

 inches. There are indications that the lower limit of the yellow 

 pine is at or just below 20 inches of rainfall. For the red fir 

 the lower limit is at or about 30 inches of rainfall, with apparently 

 no upper limit, as the species abounds in regions where the rain- 

 fall exceeds 100 inches annually. The isohyetal line of 30 inches 

 appears to be the lower limit of the redwood, as only one station 

 in the redwood strip in California has a rainfall of less than that 

 amount. C. S. G. 



REVIEW. 



Principles of Botany. By Joseph Y. Bergen and Bradley M. 

 Davis. Pp. 8-555. Small 8vo., with many illustrations. New 

 York, Ginn and Company. 



The present volume is a partially rewritten form of the earlier 

 " Foundations of Botany " of the first named author. It is dis- 

 tinctly modern in its spirit, and presents the whole subject by 

 fair and adequate representation. The success of the previous 

 works which have led up to the " Principles," being as it is a meas- 

 ure of their adaptibility to the high school student, will be still 

 further justified in the new volume, which deserves a first place 

 in secondary schools. It is certainly a first class text-book for the 

 elementary student of the subject. Especially pleasing are the 

 etched illustrations which are made after the photographs which 

 they happily replace. The use of the colored plate (illustrating 

 the structure of the lichens) is an innovation in xA^merican text- 

 book making, and one which should be welcomed. 



L. 



