4 PRESIDENTS ADDRESS. 



the kind of flout*. The manufacture of yeast of uniform strength 

 is also dependent on the use of scales and the thermometer. Tn 

 addition, it is necessary to use simple bacteriological means to 

 ensure sufficient purity in the yeast. These means of sterilisa- 

 tion are just as simple and as easily applied as those means used 

 in every well regulated household in the cooking and preservation 

 of food. For months together, bread has been made with the 

 sgme yeast. A little yeast is kept over from each brew to start 

 the brew for the next batch of bread. 



The bakehouse is always open to inspection. Any baker can 

 see how clean, spick and span a bakehouse can be kept. There 

 are no mysterious processes that cannot be readily copied. The 

 time saved in making the bread as compared with that of the 

 average bakehouse is several hours daily. Yet there are difli- 

 culties in getting bakers to adopt the methods used. The baker 

 looks with mistrust on the thermometer and the systematic use 

 of scales. He claims that he knows without weighing or measur- 

 ing how much water to add when making a dough. He is sure 

 he can judge of temperatures without using a thermometer. He 

 is surprised that the number of loaves from a ton of flour varies 

 so much, and is sure that no one can always get the same number 

 of loaves from a ton of the same flour. He remarks that he has 

 made bread for thirty years, and that no one knows better how 

 to make bread. 



The .School of Bakery in the Technical College is intended to 

 afford instruction in making bread. The attendance of ap- 

 prentices is small. There is a widespread feeling that the ap- 

 prentice will learn sufficient in the bakehouse from the baker to 

 whom he is apprenticed, without coming to the College, it is 

 granted that lie does not learn as much as he would by attending 

 the Technical College, but it is asserted that he learns sufficient 

 for his purpose. If be can make bread as well as his father or 

 his grandfather, that is enough. Surely it will be advantageous 

 to the whole community if the hours spent in making bread are 

 materially lessened. This example serves to make evident what 

 is the problem in the application of science to industry. The 



