420 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN NEUROPTERA, viii., 



(3) Ithone J'ulva Tillyard, possessing either two or three Rs in 

 forewings, is not congeneric with Ithone Jusca Newm., and must 

 form the type of a new genus. 



(4) The unnamed species mentioned in (1), in that it also pos- 

 sesses two or three Rs in forewing, should be placed in the same 

 genus as /. fitlv'a Till. 



(5) The Tasmanian and Victorian species, /. pallida Till. M.S., 

 which also has a variable number of Rs, two or more, in the 

 forewings, should also go into this genus. It will be described 

 in this paper under its MS. specific name. 



(6) Walker's genus Varuia is a valid one, and should not have 

 been suppressed by McLachlan. 



(7) Navas' genus Nespra is not sufficiently distinct from 

 Varuia Walker; and it is quite possible, seeing that the females 

 in this family are normally much larger and darker than the 

 males, that his JV. implexa is only the male of V. perloides. This 

 is the more likely, when one recalls the fact that the sand- 

 dwelling insects of Western Australia mostly extend unchanged 

 right into Central Australia, many of them reaching to the limit 

 of the dry belt in Western Queensland. 



It remains to be added that Comstock (I, p.175, fig.170) has 

 correctly figured the wings of Ithone J'asca Newm., with a single 

 Rs in forewing, and has correctly inferred that my /. J'ulva is 

 not congeneric with it. But he is quite in error in stating that, 

 in the hindwings of I. J'ulva, "veins Sc and R coalesce through- 

 out the distal half of their length." This statement clearly 

 shows that he studied my figure without troubling to read my 

 paper, in which (9, p. 280) I clearly stated that "in Plate xii., fig. 

 1, the radius and subcosta appear to be fused, but actually R 

 stands on a high ridge, with Sc sunk far beneath it, so that the 

 two come into line when viewed from above." This fact, of 

 course, made it inevitable that the two should appear fused in 

 the figure. 



We may now proceed to redefine the characters of the family, 

 in the light of our latest knowledge, and to give keys and de- 

 scriptions of the genera and species. 



