533 



THE PAN0RP01D COMPLEX. 



Part 3: — The Wing-Venation. 



By R. J. Tillyard, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., F.E.S., Linnean 



Macleay Fellow in Zoology. 



(Plates xxxi. — xxxv. and Text-figures 35-112.) 



Introduction 

 Section i. - 

 Section ii. — 



Section iii. 



Section iv. 

 Section v. 



Section vi. 



Section vii. 

 Section viii. 



Section ix. 

 Section x. 



Section xi. 



Section xii. 



Section xiii. 



CONTENTS. 



536 



The Basal Tracheation of the Pupal Wing 542 



The Main Veins and their Branches 547 



The Costa and Subcosta 548 



The Radius and Radial Sector 550 



The Media 552 



The Cubitus 553 



The Anal Veins 554 



The Arculus, and Cubito-Median Y-vein ... 554 



Its formation in the Paramecoptera . . . . 557 



Mecoptera 560 



Trichoptera . . . . 561 



Lepidoptera . . . . 562 



Diptera 565 



Megaloptera . . . . 566 



Planipennia . . . . 567 



-The Structure of the .Cubitus 570 



-The Anal Veins 576 



The Cubito-Anal Y-vein 577 



The Anal Y-vein 578 



-The Distal Y-vein, Trigamma, Basal Cell 



and Areole in the Lepidoptera 584 



The Distal Y-vein 585 



The Trigamma 590 



The Basal Cell and Areole 590 



-Veinlets and Cross-veins 592 



-The Venation of the Mecoptera ... 596 



The Venation of the genus Merope ... 599 

 Table of the Principal Venational Charac- 

 ters for the Families 603 



-The Venation of the Paramecoptera 605 



-The Venation of the Protomecoptera 607 



Comparison with the Paramecoptera . . . . 609 



-The Venation of the Paratrichoptera 611 



Comparison with the Mecoptera 613 



The Venation of the Diptera 614 



Comparison with the Paratrichoptera . . 620 



Venation of freshly -emerged imagines . . 621 



Internal Phylogeny of the Order 623 



-The Venation of the Trichoptera 624 



Lines of specialisation within the Order . . 629 



