534 THE PANORPOID COMPLEX, iii., 



Section xiv. — The Venation of the Lepidoptera 631 



The Archetype of the Order 631 



Relationship with the Trichoptera . . . . 634 



Venational Studies: — 



Suborder Homoneura 636 



Division Jugo-frenata 636 



J u g a t a 639 



Fam. Hepialidae 639 



Prototheoridae 647 



Table of the Principal Venational Charac- 

 ters for the Families of the Homoneura 650 



Note on the Evidence concerning the 

 Existence of Vein M4 in the Lepidop- 

 tera 651 



Suborder Heteroneura ... 653 



Fam. Palaeontinidae (fossil) .. .. 654 



Fam. Cossidae 60S 



Superfam. Tontricina 664 



Superfam. Tineina 666 



Fain. Castniidae 672 



Superfam. Psychina 674 



Pyralidina 677 



The Butterflies, or Superfam. Rhopa- 



locera 679 



The Archetype of the Heteroneura . . 6S7 



Table of the Principal Venational Charac- 

 ters for the more archaic groups of the 



Heteroneura, and the Butterflies.. .. 690 



Section xv. — The Venation of the Megaloptera 691 



Section svi. — The Venation of the Planipennia 699 



Comparison with the Megaloptera . . . . 703 



Section xvii. — Phylogenetic Kesults 703 



The Venation of the Archetype of the 



Panorpoid Complex 704 



Table of the Characters of the Wings for 

 the Archetypes of the Complex and its 



Orders 705 



The Phylogenv of the Orders of the Com- 

 plex 706 



Phylogenetic Diagram 709 



Appendix A. — Note on the Wing-Coupling Apparatus of the 



JUGO-FRENATA 712 



Appendix' B.— Note on the occurrence of the retinacula in 



the Lepidoptera Heteroneura 712 



Appendix C. — Note on the Eesting-Position of the Wings in 



the Panorpoid Complex 714 



Bibliography ". 715 



Explanation of Plates 717 



