016 



THE PANORPOID COMPLEX, iii., 



in this family, ekitinisation is very weak, so that the connections 

 of the main veins cannot be made out with certainty. It is 

 clear, however, that Rs retains the four-branched condition in 

 Psych oda (Text-fig. 66), while, in those genera in which one 

 branch has been lost, the forking of R2+3 * s st iH retained, as 

 in other archaic Nemocera. The limits of M and Cu are not 

 determinable with certainty. But the probability is that M 1— 

 has remained four-branched, as in Rhyphus, while both Cu and 

 the anal veins have been greatly reduced, by the narrowing of 

 the base of the wing. The labelling of the veins in Psychoda, 

 given in Text-fig. 66, assumes this to be the case. 



In the Tipulidae (s. lat. ) there are many archaic types still 



Text-Fig.66. 

 Forewing of Psychoda sp. (fam. Psychodidae, Gosford, N.S.W.). 

 (x 36). Lettering as on p. 535. 



existing, though all are specialised by the extreme stenogenesis, 

 which has strongly affected the basal parts of the wings. Text- 

 fig. 49 shows the venation of the Australian genus Gynoplistia, 

 in which the median cell (mc) is very nicely preserved, with M4 

 coming off from it in such a manner as to leave not a shadow 

 of a doubt as to the correct interpretation of that vein. In this 

 genus, as in almost all Nemocera, Rs has been reduced by the 

 elimination of the fork of R4 + 5, while R2 and R3 still exist as 

 separate veins. As R 4+5 usually forks, in all archaic types 

 within the Complex, much closer to the main stem of Rs than 

 does R2+3, it does not seem at all likely that this reduction has 

 been carried out by the removal of this fork distad, until it be- 



