640 



THE PANORPOID COMPLEX, 111., 



Cu zCu CnK 

 lb U 



Text-Fig.77. 

 Tracheation of wings of freshly formed pupa of Charagia splendens 

 Scott, (x 3-4). Lettering as on p. 535. 



tracheation of the forewing, and that of the hindwing underlying 

 it obliquely, could be clearly seen; and drawings were made of 

 them. As soon as the pupa had hardened up a little, it was 

 killed with chloroform, and the outer covering of the forewing 

 was dissected off. This exposed the trachea? of the forewing 

 in situ, including their basal connections. A drawing was made 

 of these, under the camera lueida ; and then the whole wing was 

 carefully dissected off and floated out on to a slide, where the 

 bases of the trachea? were photographed (Plate xxxii., fig. 17). 

 Next, a camera-lucida drawing of the hindwing trachea? was 

 made, the fine membrane separating this wing from the fore 

 having been dissected away. Text -fig. 77 combines the two 

 camera-lucida drawing-s of the wings in situ, and therefore repre- 

 sents the wihg-tracheation of a pupa less than twelve hours old. 

 At this early stage, the courses of the future veins are not 

 clearly indicated; but I have marked the positions of the two 

 exceedingly delicate bands which very soon appear, indicating 

 the positions of M 5 and M 4 , forming the upper arms of the 



