(348 



THE PANORPOID COMPLEX, iii., 



jugum, and in lacking all traces of a frenulum; therefore it is 

 rightly included in the division Jugata. It also agrees with the 

 Hepialidae in the basal positions of rf and mf (though rf is 

 removed far distad), in the absence of the cross-vein ir, in the 

 presence of r-m and im, and in still showing some indication of 

 the original oblique position of the unfused basal portion of M 4 , 

 In having a definite branch of Sc (Sc x ) in the forewing, it is 

 more archaic than most Hepialidae; but this condition is closely 

 similar to that seen in Sthenopis. 



The most remarkable specialisation to be seen in the Proto- 

 theoridae is the reduction of the venation of the anal area. In 

 the forewing, 1A curves up so as just to touch Cu 2 , thus re- 

 calling the fusion of these two veins in the hindwings of the 



?Cu 2 Cu lb M 4 +Cu la 



Text-Fig.83. 

 Prototlicora sp. (Table Mountain, South Africa), imaginal venation. 

 (x6). Lettering as on p. 535. 



Hepialidae and Jugo-frenata. 2A is obsolescent, being rejjre- 

 sented only by its distal end joined on to 1A; this character 

 proves that the anal Y-vein formed from 1A and 2A was com- 

 plete in this wing, before the obsolescence of 2A began. There 

 is a small, weak 3 A bordering the jugum distally, in the usual 



