BY R. J. TILLYARD. 



665 



2A Cu i 



Text-Fig.89. 

 Tracheation of pupal hindwing of Carpocapsa pomonella (Linn.), show- 

 ing weakened condition of 1A. (x 25). Lettering as on p. 535. 



approximation of trachea M 3 to trachea Cu la) resulting in the 

 complete obliteration of the remnant of M 4 between them, and 

 the association of the two corresponding veins together, as 

 connate veins arising from the lower angle of the cell in the 

 imaginal hindwing. 



As I have made a very complete study of the obliteration of 

 the main stem of M in the case of Wingia (see below, p. 669), it 

 is only necessary to say here that Carpocapsa agrees with 

 Wingia in this and many other respects, which need not be 

 detailed here. 



In the imaginal forewing the course of Cu 2 is barely indi- 

 cated, while in the hindwing it is very weakly chitinised. The 

 tendency throughout the Suborder is for this weak concave vein 

 to become, firstly a mere furrow or groove, without definite 

 ehitinisation, and then to be completely eliminated. Contrast 

 Wingia (Text-figs. 90, 93), which is more archaic than Carpo- 

 capsa in this respect, witli Euschemon (Text-figs. 99, 100), which 

 is more specialised. 



The descent of the Tortricina from a Cossid-like ancestor is, 

 I think, very obvious. But, since all those Tortricina, in which 

 the radial cell (areole) is closed, have the closure brought about 

 in the most archaic manner, viz. by the interpolation of the 

 cross-vein ir, it is clear that the group is not, as a whole, deriv- 

 able directly from the Cossidae, but rather from Turner's hypo- 

 thetical ancestral family Protocossidae. 



