690 



THE PANORPOID COMPLEX, 111., 



Table IV. 



Principal Venational Characters for the more Archaic Groups of the Hetekoneura, 



and for the butterflies, but excluding the fossil pal^ontinoidea. 



o 



P5 



a) 



(2) 

 (3) 



(4) 



(5) 



(6) 



(7) 

 (8) 



(9) 



(10) 



(11) 



(12) 



(13) 



(14) 



(15) 

 (16) 



Character. 



1 8 



Sc and Ri in pupal hindwing : — A. Fused for distal 

 half only. B. Fused more than half their length. 



Condition of Rs in pupal forewing: — A. A single sec- 

 tor, branching dichotomously, with fork of R24-3 nearer 

 to base than that of R-t+5" B. Single sector, with R3 

 transferred to Rj. r 5- C. R2+3 and R44-5 arising sepa- 

 rately from R. 



Rs in pupal hind wing: — A. Reduced to a simple, un- 

 branched vein. B. Ditto, with capture of trachea Ml. 



Condition of radial cell or areole in pupal forewing: — 

 A. Present, closed by cross-vein ir. B. Present, 

 closed by fusion of R3 with R44-5 (ir absent). C. Ab- 

 sent. (*areole sessile on main stem of R). 



Basal cell and areole in imaginal forewing : — A. Separ- 

 ate. B. Forming a single areocel. 



Condition of Mi_4 within basal cell of forewing :— 



A. Fully present. B. Incomplete. C. Absent. 

 I 



Condition of M.5 in imaginal forewing: — A. Distinct. 



B. Reduced or aligned with Cui a . 



Trachea M4 in pupal wings : — A. Small, present. 

 ■ B. Absent. 



Condition of vein C112 in imaginal wing : — A. Present 

 in both wings. B. Present in hind, but reduced, weak 

 lor absent in fore. C. Absent, or nearly, in hind, weak- 

 ened in fore. D. Absent in both. 



Basal fusion of trachea} C112 and 1A in pupal hind- 

 wing : — A. Completed. B. Nearly complete. C. Absent. 



Anal Y-vein of forewing: — A. Present. B. Very 

 small. C. Incomplete. D. Absent. 



Condition of 1A and 2A in hindwing : — A. Fused to 

 form a small basal Y-vein. B. Reduced to a single vein. 



3A in hindwing : — A. Present. 



Humeral veinlet : — A. Present in both wings. B. Pre- 

 sent in one wing only. C. Absent from both wings. 



Cross-vein im : — A. Present. 



Cross-vein r-i/i : — A. Present. 



A. 



A or 

 B. 



A. 

 A. 



A or 

 lb 



A. 



B. 

 A. 



A. 



A. 



A or 

 B. 



A. 



A. 



Percentage of archetypic characters present in most 

 archaic representatives of each group (excluding 93-8 

 undetermined characters) : — 





+3 

 © 



A. 



A. 



A. 



A or 

 B. 



B or 

 C. 



B. 



B. 



B. 



B. 



A. 



A. 



A. 



C. 



A. 

 A. 



62-5 





A or 

 B. 



A. 



A or 

 B 



A, B 



or C 



B. 

 B. 



B. 



A. 



A-D 



A or 

 B. 



A. 



C. 



A. 

 A. 



■8 





A. 



A or 

 C. 



A. 



A or 

 B. 



B. 



B. 



A or 

 D. 



A. 



A. 



C. 



A. 



A. 



75-0 69-2 



A. ? B 



B. 



B. 



C. 



A. 



A or 

 B. 



B. 



B. 



A. 



? B 

 orC. 



? B 



C. 



B. 



B. 



B. 



C. C. 



a C or 

 A - D. 



A or 

 B - B. 



A. A. 



C. C. 



a. : a. 



A. A. 



50-0 40.9 



ri 



o a> 



B. 



A. 



B. 



0. 



B. 

 B. 



D. 



0. 



B or 

 D. 



B. 



A. 



B. 



A - 



A. 

 34-4 



Note : — The percentages given for the Castniidae and Pyralidina in the above Table inii- 

 not be accurately determined until the tracheation of the pupal wing can be examined. If all 

 the doubtful characters in the case of the Pyralidina were thus to be pi'oved to be archaic (a 

 very unlikely happening), the percentage for this group would be raised to 59-4; whereaEjj 

 if they were all to be proved to be specialised, the percentage would be lowered to 28-1. 



