704 



THE PANORPOID COMPLEX, Hi., 



C u i Cu lb Ca ia 



Text-Fig. 111. 

 Forewing of the Archetype of the Panorpoid Complex, 

 fig. 38). Lettering as on p. 535. 



(See also Text- 



(2) Table of the Characters of the Wings for the Archetypes 

 of the Complex and its Orders. 



(3) The Phylogeny of the Orders of the Complex. 



The Venation of the Archetype of the Panorpoid Complex. 



Text-fig. Ill shows the forewing obtained by selecting the most 

 archaic condition of every venational character to be found 

 within the Complex. The following definition of this Archetype 

 will be found to cover all the important characters : — 



Wings shaped much as in Belmontia or Bhyacophila, but 

 somewhat wider in comparison with their length. No true 

 costal vein present, distinct from the anterior border of the 

 wing. Subcosia forking close to base, into Sc' above and Sc 

 below; the latter again forked near tip, into Sc x and Sc 2 , A 

 complete series of costal veinlets present. Radius forking near 

 base into R x and Rs, at rf ; R x a fairly straight vein, forking 

 near tip into Ri a and R lb ; Rs dichotomically forked, the num- 

 ber of branches greater than four, but essentially variable; the 

 forking of R2+3 into R2 and R 3 placed further from rf' than 

 is the forking of R 4+5 into R 4 and R 5 . Media running very 

 close to R basally, then diverging at the arculus. and dividing at 

 mf into Mi_4 above and Ms below. Mj_ 4 dichotomically 

 branched, the number of brandies greater than four, but essen- 

 tially variable; the forking of M 1+2 into M-^ and M 2 placed 

 further from mf than is the forking of Mg +4 into M 3 and M 4i 

 M 5 fused with Cuj to form a well-marked cubito-median Y-vein, 



