FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge at lie Grande. Area without 

 vegetation is due to removal of oil and vegetation during 

 Amoco Cadiz cleanup operations. 



material which was sandy loam in texture and low in nitrogen and 

 phosphorus. 



Marsh vegetation adjacent to the disturbed sites indicated that 

 prior to the oil spill the natural marsh was composed primarily of 

 Juncus maritimus , Puccinellia maritima , Triglochin maritima, Limonium 

 yulgare, with lesser amounts of Spartina maritima . Halimione 

 portulacoides was dominant along the creek banks. We noted 

 considerable variation in the relative dominance of these species and 

 others within marshes in the vicinity. Spartina anglica C E. Hubbard 

 was present only at a single site at lie Grande as a small clump less 

 than 3 m in diameter. This species is abundant in the Bay of Mt. St. 

 Michel some 125 km to the east of lie Grande. 



Juncus stands generally occupied the highest elevations of the 

 marsh relative to the other species mentioned. Subsequent observations 

 indicated that the Juncus marsh is flooded for about 3 days each spring 

 tide cycle. Above the level of Juncus there was in some areas a narrow 

 fringe of Festuca rubra and Agropyron pungens with associated species. 

 Many salt marsh ecologists consider this vegetation to be a part of the 

 marsh. This higher zone of vegetation which extends up to ca. 1m 

 above the Juncus marsh is flooded relatively infrequently on extremely 

 high storm tides and spring tides. It lies above the marsh impacted by 

 Amoco Cadiz oil and cleanup operations. Our marsh rehabilitation 

 efforts were confined to elevations from 0.8 m below to 0.3 m above 

 that of the Juncus marsh. 



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