Chapter Four — The point IV program: Technological transfer as the basis Page 



of aid to developing countries 61 



I. The point IV problem and its background 61 



Summary of the legislative history of point IV 62 



II. Central issues of point IV as seen by Congress and the adminis- 

 tration 64 



Political justification 64 



Business and financing 65 



The alternative of a study commission 68 



III. The role of technology in economic development 68 



IV. U.S. experience with technical assistance before 1950 78 



V. Importance of long-range, comprehensive, and integrated de- 

 velopment programs 81 



VI. Evaluation of aspects of the point IV program 84 



Research 84 



Personnel 86 



Agriculture 87 



Business 89 



Labor 90 



Education 91 



Population 92 



VII. Conclusions 94 



Chapter Five — Inclusion of the social sciences in the scope of the National 



Science Foundation, 1945-47: A groundwork for future partnership 97 



I. Background of the issue 97 



Origins of the National Science Foundation concept 97 



The decision process on NSF legislation 102 



Contemporary relevance of the social science issue 103 



II. Issues confronting acceptance of the social sciences in 1945 104 



III. Lessions of the Senate hearings on NSF bills 106 



Testimony of the phj'^sical scientists 106 



Testimony of the social scientists on NSF legislation 109 



Social science views of Government witnesses 112 



IV. Structuring the issue 112 



V. The decision process — Senate and House 115 



Congressional adoption of permissive formula in 1947 117 



VI. Contemporary views of the social science community 119 



VII. Federal sponsorship of social science research after 1950 121 



Growth in social science sponsorship by NSF 122 



Present status of the social sciences 125 



Effect of deferred decision on the social sciences 125 



Chapter Six — Congressional response to Project Camelot 126 



I. Introduction 126 



II. Establishment of the issue 128 



Military uses of behavioral research in foreign areas 128 



The rise and demise of Project Camelot 131 



Administration activities 131 



Congressional reaction 133 



Congressional inquiry 134 



DOD's need for foreign area social science data 134 



The conduct of foreign area research by the Department 



of State 136 



