xn 



Chapter Eight — Continued Page 



^-' II. Background of the issue 199 



Status of nuclear tests in 1961 199 



President Kennedy's search for a test ban agreenaent 199 



Collapse of the test moratorium 200 



Impetus to detente after Cuban missile crisis 201 



Divisions of opinion on test ban scope 202 



Indications of United States and Soviet Union detente 203 



Guidelines for treaty negotiations 204 



Completion of the negotiation process 205 



III. The test ban treaty hearings 206 



Complications of hearings in two committees 207 



Testimony of the Secretary of State 208 



Testimon j^ of the Secretary of Defense 210 



Testimony of the Chairman of the AEC 212 



Testimony of the Chairman of the JCS 213 



Testimony by opponents of the treaty 215 



Technical support for the treaty 216 



Legal and political considerations, pro and con 218 



Analysis of political impacts of the treaty 220 



Hearings before Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee. _ 222 



Military opposition: The theory of maximum deterrence 223 



IV. Reports of the committees 226 



Findings of the Foreign Relations Committee 228 



Committee citations of principal points in testimony 228 



Importance ascribed to military safeguards 229 



Findings as to proliferation, plowshare, radiation, military 



acceptance 230 



Findings of Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee 230 



Military advantages neglected by the subcommittee 232 



V. Final Senate decision process on the treaty 232 



Preservation of the treaty from "eroding" amendments 233 



Protection of Senate prerogatives in treatymaking 234 



Preservation of the national security under the treaty 234 



VI. The aftermath and the significance of the Test Ban Treaty 238 



Expectations of President Kennedy for the Treaty 238 



Future guidance afforded by the treaty debates 239 



Chapter Nine — Estabhshment of the Peace Corps 241 



I. Introduction 241 



II. Identification of the issue 242 



Congressional proposals by Reuss and Neuberger 243 



The Peace Corps bill introduced bj^ Senator Humphrey 244 



The Kennedy proposal 245 



Public reaction pro and con to the Peace Corps plan 245 



III. Assessment of the issue 246 



International versus National Peace Corps 247 



Evolving scope of the plan through professional reviews 247 



The Reuss conferences on Peace Corps proposals 248 



Peace Corps evaluation contract for the Congress 248 



The Peace Corps task force report to the President 250 



rV. Information assessed by the Congress 251 



Grassroots technology aspects in Peace Corps presentations. 252 



V. Congressional hearings and enactment of legislation 253 



Objections 254 



Compatibility of the Peace Corps with U.S. foreign policy 



and goals 254 



Language training 25.5 



Enactment of the Peace Corps legislation 255 



VI. Assessment of consequences 255 



Neglect of research as a major program defect 257 



Technology transfer in the Peace Corps 259 



VII. Conclusion 261 



