XIII 



Page 



Chapter Ten — High-energy physics: An issue without a focus 263 



I. Introduction 263 



Priority of high-energy physics atnong basic research 



discipHnes 265 



Direct rewards of national investment in high-energy physics. 266 



National security aspects of high-energy physics 266 



Indirect social benefits of high-energy physics 267 



Considerations of continued Government support 268 



Recapitulation 269 



II. Advice to the Congress on high energy physics 270 



The technical advisory panel as a mechanism to advise 



Congress 271 



Presidential support for high-energy physics programs 277 



Hearings before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy 278 



Testimony of the Director of the National Science Founda- 

 tion.. . 280 



Panel discussion by senior Government officials 281 



Roundtable discussion in Joint Committee on Atomic 



Energy heaiing 282 



III. Status of high-energy physics support after 1965 285 



Chapter Eleven — The Office of Coal Research: The use of applied research 



to restore a "sick" industry 288 



I. Statement of the problem 288 



The changing product mix of energy sources 288 



Problems and opportunities in coal research 290 



National moves to strengthen the coal industry 291 



Plan of investigation of the Special Subcommittee on Coal 



Research 294 



11. The investigation by the Special Subcommittee on Coal Research. 295 



Scope of testimony in coal research hearings 296 



Position of Bureau of Mines on expanded research in coal.. 296 



Scope of potentially useful research in coal 298 



Proposed magnitude of expanded coal research effort 299 



Organizational issues in expanded coal research program 300 



Findings of the Special Subcommittee on Coal Research 301 



III. Subsequent historj^ of the coal research program 301 



Presidential veto of independent coal research agency 302 



Provisions of the Coal Research Act 303 



Implementation of the Coal Research Act 303 



Uncertainties over the goals of the program 305 



Status of coal research program in 1968 305 



IV. Assessment of OCR in the light of congressional objectives 307 



Consideration of the information-gathering procedures 



leading to the Coal Research Act 307 



Chapter Twelve — Congressional response to the Salk vaccine for immuni- 

 zation against poliomyelitis 309 



I . Introduction 309 



Increasing incidence of polio in early 1950's 3o9 



Present immunization treatments for polio 310 



Controversy over introduction of the Salk vaccine 310 



Congressional concern over Salk vaccine distribution^ — __. 312 

 11. Congressional consideration of arrangements for distributing 



the new vaccine 312 



Early difficulties with quantity production 313 



The distribution issue in congressional hearings 313 



Distribution — The administration plan 314 



III. The safety and efficacy aspects of the vaccine 319 



Initial congressional probes of the safety and efficacy issue. 320 



Technical questions probed by House Commerce Committee. 324 

 Additional sources of technical information tapped by 



Commerce Committee 327 



Acceptance of enabling legislation for distribution of vaccine. 331 



IV. Assessment of the congressional information process 331 



Smooth acceptance and distribution of Sabin vaccine 334 



