76 



Foreign Relations; ^"^ and the Science Policy Research Division of the 

 Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress.^^ 



Congress did not call upon members of the scientific community 

 who might have helped to shape this initial technical assistance 

 program. Discussions of the subject appeared in some of the trade 

 journals of the various relevant scientific groups. However, with the 

 exception of social scientists, few other scientists and experts addressed 

 themselves to the need to confront the problem as a whole, to forge a 

 link between instruments of foreign assistance and the problems of 

 economic development, to evaluate the relevant political and policy 

 aspects of the issue, or to attempt to transmit theu' recommendations 

 to the Congress. 



Two interdisciplinarjT^ social science organizations were engaged in 

 direct analysis of the problem at this time. The Public Affairs In- 

 stitute of Washington, an independent research organization under 

 the direction of Dr. Dewey Anderson published a series of eight de- 

 tailed studies in 1950, prior to enactment, on the requisites of an 

 adequate i)oint IV program and how such a program could benefit the 

 economy of the L^nited States.^* Members of the institute published 

 plans for a 50-year program, costing $600 million during the first 5 

 years, to be carried out largely under the auspices of the LTnited 

 Nations. Many of the reconuuendations contained in the series offered 

 specific criticisms of the administration program. 



The American Academy of Political and Social Science for 2 years 

 carried on an examination of the proposed program; it issued two 

 volumes of findings before enactment of the legislation.^^ Moreover, 

 several sessions of the 54t]i annual meeting of the academy held in 

 April 1950 were devoted to the topic of point IV.*° 



The Social Science Research Council was not as active as the 

 American Academy of Political and Social Science prior to the enact- 

 ment of legislation. However, it held two meetings on the "Social 

 Science Problems of Point 4", in December 1950 and February 1951. 

 Much of the first meeting was addressed to the problems of how social 



3' Established in 1054 in accordance with S. Res. 214, agreed to July 2, 1954, to "make a full and complete 

 study of technical assistance and related programs." (In "Development of technical assistance programs," 

 op. cit., p. V.) 



5' Little use was made by the Congress of the Legislative Reference Service for scientific and technological 

 information. The Congress did have the benefit of a report undertaken by the Legislative Reference Service 

 for the House Committee on Foreign Afl'airs in July 1949, whicli sununarized congressional and administra- 

 tion activities on the point 4 progvain to that date. However, it was based almost wholly on State Depart- 

 ment justification materials, and did not include any critique of the program or recommendations regarding 

 the proposal. (I^S. Library of Congress. Legislative Reference Service. "Point 4: Background and Program" 

 (International Technical Cooperation Act of 1949) .July 1949. Prepared for the use of the Committee on 

 Foreign Affairs. Committee print. (Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949, 19 pages.) 



38 The series published by the Public Affairs Institute of Washington D.C. throughout 1950 includes: 

 "A Policy and Program for Success," by Dewey Anderson and Stephen Raushenbush, 75 pages; "Two- 

 Thirds of the World: Problems of a New Approach to the Peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America," by 

 Harold R. Issacs, 64 pages: "Groundwork for Action," by Morris Llewellyn Cooke with Calvin J. Nichols, 

 Dorothy Detzer. and Peter G. Franck, 96 pages; "Engineers of World Plenty," by James Rorty. 70 pages; 

 "People, Food, Machines," by Stephen Raushenbush, 79 pages; "Helping People Help Themselves," by 

 Wallace J. Campbell and Richard Y. Giles, 71 pages; "Foreign Aid and Our Economy," by Se3rmour E. 

 Harris, professor of economics. Harvard University, 76 pages; and "Where is the Money Coming From?" 

 by Morris S. Rosenthal, president, Stein-Hall Co. and National Council of American Importers; vice chair- 

 man, Foreign Commerce Department Committee, of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, 58 

 pages. 



39 Halford L. Hoskins. Ph. D.. ed., senior specialist in international relations. Legislative Reference 

 Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C, "Aiding Underdeveloped Areas Abroad," The Annals of 

 the American Academy of Political and Social Science (vol. 268, March 1950), 251 pages; and Ernest Minor 

 Patterson, Ph. D., ed., professor of economics. University of Pennsylvania, president, the American Acad- 

 emy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, Pa.; " Formulating a Point Four Program," The Annals 

 of the American Academv of Political and Social Science (vol. 270, July 1950), 204 pages. 



*o See: Point 4 and Southeast Asia— Extention of Remarks of Hon. Harley M. Kilgore, Congressional 

 Record, appendix (May 19, 1950), pp. A3794-3796. 



