77 



scientists coiild contribute effectively in the formulation of foreign 

 aid policies, how social scientists could make their thinking and the- 

 orizing more realistic and relevant to policy problems, and how social 

 scientists could immediately transmit their recommendations to the 

 Government. They proposed research in such areas as training, "cul- 

 tural shock" resulting from the introduction of new technology, and 

 research in socioeconomic and cultural information problems.*^ The 

 second meeting went further into these problems, and gave particular 

 attention to the cases of supplying technical assistance to Paraguay 

 and Liberia.*^ 



Other scientific groups gave less consideration to the proposed 

 program and pubhshed less material than did the social science 

 community before enactment of the legislation. For example, no 

 sessions of the 1949 and 1950 conventions of the American Farm 

 Economic Association were devoted to the problem. The only relevant 

 article during this period in the pages of the joiu'nal of this associa- 

 tion summarized part of the United Nations Scientific Conference 

 on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources held in August 

 1949.^^ And the only article appearing in Science, the journal of the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science, (AAAS), 

 treated the same topic.** Three papers were presented at the 1949 

 meeting of the AAAS which related to the provision of technical 

 assistance by the United States, and these were contributed by pohtical 

 scientists and economists rather than physical, agricultural, or other 

 natural scientists.*^ 



It was not until after enactment of the legislation that a symposiimi 

 devoted to the topic of "Science and International Understanding" 

 was held, at the December 1950 meeting of the AAx'\.S. Three papers 

 dealt with mineral, biological, and intellectual resources.*^ Much of 

 the discussion which followed treated the topic of developing resources 

 to keep up with a biu'geoning population. But while the discussion 

 addressed the need to develop food resoiu-ces and devise acceptable 

 substitutes, no mention was made of the need for birth control or 

 population control measures.*'' 



" Social Science Researcli Council. Summary minutes: "First Conference on Social Science Problems of 

 Point 4" (Washington, D.C., Dec. 2, 1!I50, mimeo), 6 pages. 



<2 Social Science Research Council. Summary minutes: "Second Conference on Social Science Problems 

 of Point 4" Feb. 2-3, 1951 (Washington, D.C., mimeo), 11 pages. 



« G. H. Aull, L. P. Gabbard, and John F. Timmons. "The United Nations Scientific Conference on the 

 Conservation and Utilization of Resources". Journal of Farm Economics, (vol. XXXII, No. 1, Feb. 1951), 

 pp. 95-112. 



« Carl N. Gibboney, Office of International Trade, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. The 

 United Nations Scientific Conference for the Conservation and Utilization of Resources. Science. (Vol. 110, 

 Dec. 23, 1949), pp. 675-678. 



<s E. S. Furniss, Jr., "Some Pohtical Aspects of Technical Aid to ijatin America"; A. R. Burns, 

 "Economic Considerations Affecting Aid to Underdeveloped Areas"; and J. P. Shea, "The Role of Ecology 

 and the Social Sciences in Safeguarding Programs of Technical Assistance to Underdeveloped Areas." 

 Section K-1— Academy of World Economics. In: American Association for the Advancement of Science and 

 Participating AfQUated and Associated Societies. General program: Sixth New York meeting. The 160th 

 meeting of the association. Dec. 26-31, 1949. (Washington, D.C, American Association for the Advancement 

 of Science, 1949), pp. 211-212. 



<« Papers presented were: Kirtley F. Mather, Harvard University, and Howard A. Meyerhofl, AAAS, 

 "Mineral Resources and International Understanding"; Karl Sax, director, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard 

 University, "Biological Resources in International Understanding"; and W. Albert Noyes, Jr., chairman. 

 Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, "Intellectual Resources in International Understand- 

 ing." In: American Association for the Advancement of Science and Participating AfHliated and Associated 

 Agencies. General progi-am. Sixth Cleveland meeting. The 117th meeting of the association. Dec. 26-30, 1950. 

 (Washington, D.C, American Association for tlie Advancement of Science, 1950), p. 99. 



4' William L. Laurence, "Scientists Warned on Point-Fom- Plan." New York Times. (Dec. 27, 1950), 

 pp. 29, 34. 



