271 



organized in 1951 and substantially enlarged in 1957. Policy guidance 

 was provided from 196*2 on by the Office of Science and Technology, 

 and in particular by the President's Adviser on Science and Tech- 

 nology. Fiscal guidance was exercised by the Bureau of the Budget. 

 Technical recommendations came from many sources: the General 

 Advisory Committee (GAC) of the AEC, various advisory panels 

 of XSF, and advisory groups formed by the National Academy of 

 Science-National Research Council. 



The special relationshi]> that has grown up between the AEC and 

 the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE) also contributed to 

 a stable and systematic formulation and support of high-energy 

 physics programs. The JCAE periodicall}^ called for long-range pro- 

 gram statements of goals, plans for new construction, assurances of 

 balanced utilization of facilities, indications of expected research re- 

 sults, and authoritative prescriptions of national policy in the field 

 of high-energy physics.*' 



As a result of all these arrangements for control, management, 

 ])olicy guidance, and program review, the high-energy physics pro- 

 gram achieved high visibility, accountability, and stable growth. 



The technical advisoi'y yanel as a mechanism to advise Congress 



Notable use has been made by the proponents of high-energy physics 

 of the device of the advisory panel, to generate information and tech- 

 nical recommendations for consideration by the Congress and by pol- 

 icymaking officials of the Government. Among such panels have been 

 the following: 



NSF advisory panel on ultrahigh-energy nuclear accelerators, 

 195-1 (Bacher). 



NSF advisory panel on high-energy accelerators, 1956 (Ha- 

 worth ) , 



NSF advisory panel on high-energy accelerators, 1958 (Ha- 

 worth ) . 



PSAC-GAC special panel on U.S. policy and action in high- 

 energy accelerator physics, 1958 ( Piore) . 



PSAC-GAC special panel on high-energy accelerator physics, 

 1960 (Piore). 



PSAC-GAC panel on high-energy accelerator physics, 1963 

 (Eamsey). 



NAS-NRC panel on elementary particle physics, 1964 

 (Walker). 

 FCST Technical Committee for High Energy Physics, 1963. 

 PS AC panel of accelerator users, 1963 (Good) . 

 AEC repoit : Policy for National Action in the Field of High- 

 Energy Physics, 1965. 



AEC higii-energy physics advisory panel, 1967-68 (Weisskopf ) . 

 High-energy physics panel reports generally are characterizecl by 

 (1) an appeal for stronger Government support for the discipline, (2) 

 assurances that the scientific endeavor proposed is of fundamental 

 significance, (3) indications of the ripeness of the field for deeper pen- 

 etration, and important discoveries, (4) various indications of the 

 ancillary benefits of such research, (5) a proposed schedule of addi- 



" The "special relationship" of the JCAE is discussed by Harold Orlans. "Contracting for 

 Atoms." See espeeiallv ch. VIII, "The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy" (Washington, 

 D.C., the Brookings Institution, March 1967), pp. 154-171. 



