274 



teaching ranks, nor preempt the accelerators so that outsiders could 

 not use them. The report also conveyed concern lest Government sup- 

 port of high-energj^ physics not be backed by the sustained entluisiasm 

 of the taxpayer : 



High-energy physics is an effort whose basic scientific validity and possible far- 

 reaching implications are accepted by the scientific community but which has 

 not caught the imagination of the public. It api>ears reasonable for the Govern- 

 ment and scientists to encourage a more organized effort in attempting to explain 

 the meaning and extent of this highly successful U.S. activity both at home and 

 abroad.* 



The report reviewed the potential advantages of various kinds and 

 levels of particle accelerators, the manpower factors, and the possibil- 

 ity of various kinds of international cooperation. On this last item, it 

 noted that cost and liardware sharing Avith the Soviet Union would 

 be "a major 'breakthrough' " and would establish a contact between 

 U.S. and U.S.S.R. engineering groups which would be desirable, hut 

 would require that the Russians take the initiative. Noted the report : 



If it did become possible to proceed with a joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. undertaking, the 

 merits of such a project in the cause of international amity would be so large 

 that its cost could be legitimately related to expenses in the foreign-policy field 

 rather than being considered In competition with the national accelerator pro- 

 gram, (p. 1722) 



A similar cost-sharing program involving only Western Europe, 

 however, had less to recommend it : 



A joint accelerator construction and management undertaking involving only 

 the United States and Western Europe does not appear to offer much advantage 

 to either side at the present time. Accelerators of the sizes now contemplated are 

 within the capacity of both the United States and of the Western European 

 group and such accelerators are needed on both sides of the Atlantic. Further- 

 more, technical exchange of information is virtually complete, and access of 

 scientists from Western Europe to U.S. machines and vice versa is proceeding 

 on an informal basis in a entirely satisfactory manner. There is, therefore, no need 

 to complicate the administrative arrangement by a formal joint management 

 arrangement in the immediate future." 



After presenting an indication that its recommendations had been 

 formulated after full consideration of possible alternatives, the panel 

 offered 13 specific recommendations for Federal action : 



1. Authorize, at the earliest possible date, the construction, by the Lawrence 

 Radiation Laboratory, of a high-energy proton accelerator at approximately 200 

 billion electron volt energy. 



2. Authorize the construction of storage rings at Brookhaven National Labora- 

 tory after a suitable study. 



.3. Support intensive design studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory of a 

 national accelerator in the range of 600-1000 billion electron volts. Request for 

 authoi-ization may be anticipated in about 5 or 6 years. 



4. Authorize in fiscal year 1965 the construction, by MURA, of a super-current 

 accelerator, including plans leading to its evolution into a nationally available 

 facility. 



5. Support the construction of the proposed 10 billion electron volt Cornell 

 electron accelerator, including plans leading to its evolution into a nationally 

 available facility. 



6. Support the development and construction of electron-positron storage rings. 



7. Provide strong support for the development and the utilization of new tech- 

 niques of particle detection, data reduction, and data analysis. 



8. Continue to support accelerators in operation or under construction, as well 

 as their associated research programs, without neglecting the need for new 



e Ibid., p. 1708. 

 "Ibid., p. 1722. 



