280 



Added to the hearing were 18 items and 26 appendixes of supple- 

 mentary statements, technical discussions, and collections of data and 

 correspondence. 



Testimony of the Director of the National Science Foundation 



Dr. Haworth testified before the JCAE Subcommittee as Director 

 of the NSF. Previously he had served as Director of Brookhaven 

 National Laboratory of the AEC, and as president of Associated 

 Universities, Inc., the academic consortium that manages the Brook- 

 haven Laboratory. This is the site of the most powerful accelerator 

 currently in operation in the United States, the 33-Bev. alternating 

 gradient synchroton (AGS) proton accelerator. Dr. Haworth's testi- 

 mony is illustrative of the scope and teclinical detail explored by 

 witnesses at the hearing. In 11 pages of prepared statement and eight 

 additional pages of questioning, he covered : 



A short history of the evolution to the present of high-energy 

 physics ; 



Descriptions, by time periods, of the prevailing technological 

 situation with respect to accelerators, particle detectors, and num- 

 bers of groups engaging in research ; 



Detailed descriptions, by time periods, of significant discoveries 

 of new particles, and the evolving theory of their relationships; 

 An evaluation, and quantitative description, of the support by 

 the Federal Government of research in high-energy physics; 



A description of the management arrangements by which large 



national laboratories possessing accelerators made these available 



to user groups from universities. 



Dr. Haworth paid particular tribute to the Joint Committee on 



Atomic Energy and to the Office of Naval Research for supporting 



the research in the discipline. His assessment of the present situation 



was: 



We are now in a period of exploiting the energy range of tens of billions elec- 

 tron volts * * *. Until ratlier recently a new generation of accelerators was 

 begun as soon as * * * the preceding generation was completed. 



As you know, there is a considerable timelag between the authorization of an 

 accelerator and the time when experiments can begin. This interval inevitably 

 lengthens as the size of machines grows larger * * *. 



My concluding impression would be that particle physicists, * * * with the 

 generous and far-reaching support provided by the U.S. Government, might be 

 said to have created an entire new branch of physics — one with broader horizons 

 and a quite different direction from what we started with in 1946 * * *. 



This support has been provided in a farsighted and timely fashion, largely on 

 the recommendations of your committee, and has created a climate in which U.S. 

 scientists have been encouraged to think creatively through the assurance that 

 their ideas had some possibility of being brought to fruition. 



* * * The net effect has been that in this important field of science which is 

 concerned with the most fundamental constituents of the universe, our country 

 unquestionably leads the world.^ 



Wliile advanced accelerators were very costly, Dr. Haworth ob- 

 served that their costs were spread out over a number of years, so that 

 "* * * annual costs do not in any sense overwhelm * * *." Annual 

 operating costs, on the other hand, might become onerous. The cost of 

 the Brookhaven AGS, for example, had been spread out over more 

 than 6 years. 



That was .$5 million a year on the average which even in those days was a frac- 

 tion of the total cost of the program * * *. Although the accelerator costs seem 



22 High-Energy Physics Research, Hearing, 1965, op. cit,, pp. 20-21. 



