299 



Railroad motive power (two items). 



Ship motive power (three items). 



Industrial motive power (five items) . 



Industrial stack emission (seven items). 



Other fundamental aspects of coal combustion (three items) . 



Other process uses (nine items). 



Reverberatory furnaces (one item). 



Solvent extraction (eight items) . 



Electrode carbon manufacture (one item) . 



Manufacture of specific chemicals (six items). 



Residential and commercial heating — combustion equipment (six items). 



Handling and storage (three items) . 



New market areas, farm research (three items). 



Availability and quality of coals for coking (four items). 



Pretreatment of coals for coking (six items). 



High-temperature carbonizing equipment and conditions (five items). 



Upgrading primary coke-oven products (four items). 



Low-temperature carbonization (eight items). 



Special or upgraded products from low-temperature carbonization (four 



items). 

 Production of synthesis gas (six items) . 

 Utilization of synthesis gas (seven items) . 

 Coal hydrogenation (seven items). 

 Physical and chemical properties of coal (nine items). 



A counterpart list of research tasks in anthracite coal was presented 

 to the subcommittee by Joseph T. Kennedy, Secretary of Mines and 

 Mineral Industries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The list 

 had been prepared by the coal research section, Mineral Industries 

 Experiment Station, at Pennsylvania State University. It consisted of 

 106 items which were proposed for consideration.^^ 



An engineering analysis of main lines of research was offered to the 

 subcommittee, July 19,' 1956, by Dr. Wilburn C. Schroeder, on behalf 

 of the American 'Mining Congress. He recommended particularly 

 Government research in the determination of coal reserves, mine- 

 mouth processing technology, extraction of liquid and gaseous fuels 

 from coal, development of a coal-based chemical industry, and the 

 maintenance of statistical data.-" Another spokesman for the Ameri- 

 can ]Mining Congress, J. D. A. Morrow, spoke in opposition to the use 

 of Government funds to sponsor research and development in mining 

 machinery. He said private industry was investing on the order of 

 $3 million annually in this area.-^ 



Proposed magnitude of evspanded coal research effort 



Xone of the witnesses before the special subcommittee made any 

 attempt to relate the level of effort in coal research — either generally 

 or toward specific objectives — to increments of resultant increase in 

 consumption of coal. At one point, Eepresentative Chenoweth asked 

 what this relationship might be. The witness (Mr- Scollon) replied: 

 "I cannot answer your question directly * * *." 29 



The Bureau of "Mines Information Circular 7754 had given the fig- 

 ure of $17 million as the lower limit of annual R. & D. investment in 

 bituminous coal. The Federal Government's contribution to this was 

 $4.8 million. "^^ One witness (Dr. Schroeder) contrasted this figure 



=« Ihid.. pt. 1. rn. 23«-23.5. 



" "Coal." Hearinss Before the Special Subcommittee on Coal Research of the * * * Pur- 

 suant to H. Rps. 400 * * * 1956" (serial No. ?..>), op. cit., pp. 134-1.36. 



^ "Coal." Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Coal Research of the * * * on 

 the Estahlishnient of a Research and Development Projrram for the Coal Industry, pt. 1, 

 1957 (serial No. 3), op. cit., p. 43. 



2BIhid.. pt. 2, 1957. p. 53S. 



^ "Outlook and Research Possibilities for Bituminous Coal," op. cit., p. 6. 



