458 



approved, "for application by each of your Departments and by the 

 Bureau of the Budget in its review of your proposed programs and 

 projects." The new criteria were circulated to Government agencies 

 in mimeographed form, and were printed for general use. May 29, 

 1962, as Senate Document 97. 



Easing of departmental criteria for projects 



In a number of significant ways the new criteria departed from the 

 earlier Circular A--47, toward policies recommended by the select 

 committee : 



1. Emphasis was shifted from tangible to intangible benefits, 

 although the concept that benefits should exceed costs was main- 

 tained ; 



2. The period of analysis was extended from 50 years to 100 : 



3. Insistence on use of the "separable costs-remaining-benefits 

 method of allocating costs among functions was dropped; 



4. Costs attributable to "taxes foregoing" were to be ignored: 



5. Recreation might be treated as a major purpose in water 

 development ; 



6. Standards for construction of power facilities in multi- 

 purpose projects were significantly eased ; 



7. Greater emphasis was placed on multipurpose planning of 

 water resource development ; 



8. Irrigation standards were eased ; 



9. Important emphasis was placed on "water quality control 

 benefits" as contributing to public health, safety, economy, and 

 effectiveness in use and enjoyment of water. 



In various ways the new President sought to stimulate actions 

 contributing toward the stewardship approach to natural resources. 

 In his special message, he insisted that "We reject a 'no new starts' 

 policy concerning water projects." But although the President urged 

 an easier screening of new projects, the backlog of water construction 

 contracts in force from 1961 to 1964 rose only slightly (from $3,157 

 to $3,187 billion). In several other fields, more proarress was achieved. 

 Thus, the rate of expenditures for research into desalting techniques 

 was increased almost tenfold, by amendments at this time.^* Proo-ress 

 was also achieved in the control of water pollution: the Federal Water 

 Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1961 — 



Made pollution control an explicit consideration in the deter- 

 mination of storage capacity of reservoirs: 



Authorized expanded research in sewage treatment, source and 

 nature of pollutants, and evaluation of augmented flow to control 

 pollution. ^^ 

 Other aspects of water research were also stressed by the President. 



Ivrren.'iPrI affention of Kewpcly ndwAmhfraf'fon to nnafer research 



In his special message, the President had said he intended to "ask 

 the National Academy of Sciences to imdertake a thorough and broadly 

 based study and evaluation of the present state of research underlying 

 the conservation, development, and use of natural resources, how they 

 are formed, replenished, and may be substituted for, and giving par- 

 ticular attention to needs for basic research and to projects that will 



"8 Public Law S7-29.5, 75 Stat. B2R. Approved Sept. 22. 1961. 

 "» Public Law 87-88. 75 Stat. 204. Approved July 29, 1961. 



