226 The Plant World. 



sponsible for the procumbent habit of many plants. Juniperus 

 communis is common on the ridges, and may often trail the 

 ground for eight or ten feet without reaching a height of that 

 many inches. On the peaks and ledges at 7,000 to 8,000 feet 

 the Alaska Cedar is only semi-erect or completely prostrate, 

 growing in crooked, gnarled form, with a spread of twice its 

 height. Only two specimens of Piniis albicaulis were seen, 

 both of which were dwarfed, although this species reaches a 

 height of ten feet on Mt. Hood at these altitudes. Even such 

 herbaceous plants as Phlox diffusa, Leutka pectinata, Pyrola 

 stxunda, and Poa arciica are found onlv jirostrate in habit on 

 the ridges and wind-swept ledges. 



The southwest wind of summer is responsible for small 

 sand drifts, which are colonized by the shrubs and trees, while 

 the snow movements of winter accumulate beds of shale in which 

 I have found Empctruui nujrum, Pedicular is raccmosa, P. bract- 

 eosa, Aster integrifolius, A)itcn)iaria rosea, Saxijraga Bongardi, 

 S. Tolmiei, and Phyllodoce glandulijiora. The surface of the 

 larger rocks is covered with the crustaceous lichen Lecanora 

 joveolaris forma dealbata, and in the crevices of the rock grow 

 Pentstemon Mendesii, P. procures, Sibbaldia procumbens and 

 Saxijraga odontoloma. 



Pinnacle Peak, 7,200 feet in altitude, was scaled on August 

 7th, and on this highest point in the Tatoosh Range dwarfed 

 Alaskan Cedars were found in the crevices of the rocks, and about 

 them a very interesting assemblage of j^lants. Among these 

 were Linnaea americana, Erigeron aureus, Sedum divergens, 

 Cheilanthcs Feei, and Cryptogramma acrostichoides, the last of 

 which also grows among the cobbles of the beach at Seaside, 

 Oregon. Among the lichens which endure the tremenduous 

 range of conditions on this peak are Parmelia lanata, P. tristis, 

 P. siygia, Gyrophora hyperborea, G. vella, Cetraria icelandica, 

 and C. Fahlunense. Also of great interest in the crvptogamic 

 flora is the Red Snow, Sphaerella nivalis, which frequently turns 

 the remaining banks of snow a brilliant red, giving a verv pleas- 

 ing touch of color to an otherwise austere landscape. 



On the more exposed slopes where the wind i)revents the 

 heavy accumulation of snow and the sun first melts that which 

 remains in the spring, the vegetation is heavier and more varied 



