Frondescence and Fasciation. 



183 



normalities, * such as tiibular flowers, something well illus- 

 trated by fig. 2 for which 1 am indebted to "Mr. F. C. Gates. 

 An ai'parently normal s;>ecimen of Rudbeckia hirla was collected 

 in 1*?H and transferred to a garden The next ^ ear it still 

 \\ar> n'^rma', at least no j.eculiaritics were noted. In 1906 the 

 plant produced several fasciated stems, bearing inflorescences 

 of which the flnwers were more or less tubidar. The plant 

 continued to show fascia tions up to 19o9 when it died 



Mrescence often is noted in fasciated specimens, f Yet 

 there a'C manv instances on record where virescence existed 



Fig. 1. I'r<.>!idc>cciit i-Lipilu'.iim of Taitixiu inn 

 officinale X 1 . 



without fasciation. Thus, s')me years ago, the cultivated asters 

 seemed to suffer from virescence. In the same vear we noted 

 both virescence and frondescence in Ruiheckia hirta and in 

 Echinacea purpurea without the slighest indication of fasciation. 

 But on the roots of the different species an Aphis was found to 

 exist. That the presence of an insect was the probable cause 

 of virescence has been noted by oth?.s. =^= -^ In some cases the 

 doubling of llowers has been asc-il)ed to insects infecting 

 roots t j. And while, without furth?r proof, we cannot attri- 

 bute the abnormality of the Inraxncnm to this insect, at the 



*Hus. H Fiisici itions of known causalioii Am Xat. 42: 81. 1908. 

 tUe Viies found in a sin.lc locality siieciincns of Crefns biennis which showed fi^^ciatio^. 

 specimens showinK torsion and viresccnt individuals. Over de erfelyUhcid der fasciatieu. 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonea. 6:72. 1894. 



• •Orrber. Ch , Flcurs vircscentes de la Valeriana Chaussetrappe. Compt. rend. See 

 Biol Paris 60: 5'J.^. lOOfi. fDu<» to Trin^a Cevtrar.lhi) 

 t tMolliard, M., Flcurs doubles et parasitisme. Compt. read. 2: 548. 1902. 



