POPULAR FLORA. 197 



84. WALITUT FAMILY. Order JUGLANDACEJE. 

 Timber and nut trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, no stipules ; the sterile flowers in 

 hanrrinof catkins and with an irregular calyx; the fertile ones single or few tooether at the 

 end of a shoot ; their calyx coherent with the ovary, and 4-toothed at its summit. Fruit 

 a kind of stone-fruit ; the outer part becoming dry when ripe, and forming a husk, the 

 stone incompletely 2-celled or 4-ceIled, but with only one ovule and seed. The whole 

 kernel is a great embryo, with the cotyledons separated, lobed, and crumpled. — Only 

 two genera : —  



Catkins of the sterile flowers single; the bracts or scales united with the calyx: stamens 

 8 to 40. Fertile flowers with 4 small petals between the teeth of the calyx: short 

 styles and stigmas 2, fringed: husk of the fruit thin, and not separating into valves 

 or regular pieces. Bark and bruised leaves strong-scented and staining brown. Leaf- 

 buds nearly naked, {Jurjlans) Walnut. 



Catkins 3 or more on one peduncle: stamens 3 to 8; anthers almost sessile. Ko petals in 

 the fertile flowers: stigma large, 4-lobed. Husk of the fruit splitting into foiu* pieces 

 or valves, which separate from the smooth stone or shell. Wood very hard ntid 

 tough. Leaf-buds scaly (Fig. 55), (Cdrya) Hickory. 



Walnut. Juqlnns. 



j- 



1. Blaciv Walxut. Leaves and stalks smoothish; leaflets man}^, lance-ovate, taper-pointed; fruit 



round, tlie thin husk drying on the very rough stone. Common W. /. nigra. 



2. Butternut, or Gray-barked W. Leaves, stalks, and oblong fruit clammy-downy when young, 



the stone with more ragged ridges, and tree smaller than No. 1. J. cinhrea. 



3. True or Exolish W. Smooth; leaflets onlj' about 9, oblong; fruit round; husk separating from 



the thin and nearly smooth stone. Cultivated, from the South of Europe. J. regia. 



Hickory. Cdrya. 

 * Fruit and stone round or roundish. 



1. Shagbark H. (also called Shellbark or Sweet H.) Bark on the trunk shaggy and scaling 



off; leaflets generally 5, three of them lance-obovatc, the lower pair smaller and oblong-lanceolate, 

 finely serrate; husk thick; stone roundish, thick or thin; seed very sweet: furnishes the hickory- 

 nuts of the market. ' C. alba. 



2. Mockernut H. Bark cracked on the larger trunks ; leaflets 7 to 9, roughish-downy beneath, 



slightly serrate, oblong-lanceolate ; catkins hairy; husk and stone very thick; seed sweetish but 

 small. Common S. and W. C. iomentosa. 



3. Pignut H. Bark close and smooth; leaflets 5 to 7, smooth, lance-ovate, serrate; fruit pear-shaped 



or obovate, the husk and stone rather thin; seed sweetish or bitterish, small. C. glabra. 



i. BiTTERNUT or SwAMP H. Bark of trunk smooth; buds little scaly: leaflets 7 to 11, lance-oblong, 

 smooth; husk and stone of the fruit thin and tender; seed very bitter. Wet woods. C. amara. 

 * * Fruit and thin stone narrowly oblong: husk thin. 



5. Pecan-xut PL Leaflets 13 or 15, oblong-lauceolate, oblique, serrate; stone olive-shaped, thin; seed 

 very sweet. W. & S. C. olivoifdrm'u. 



