PORIFERA 



38 



of new individuals, which remain united to the parent 

 organism throughout life, thereby permitting the formation 

 of extensive colonies. In many cases (Sympagella nux, 

 Hexact.) the single individuals of the colony can readily be 

 recognized as such (No. 4), whereas in the majority of cases 

 their connection becomes so intimate that it is only the pre- 

 sence of the oscula which makes the recognition of the 

 individuals to a certain extent possible. 



Fig. 11. — Lophocalyx (Polyloplms) philipiyinensis with buds (after F. E. Schulze). 

 a, young bud ; b, older bud constricted off from the parent and attached to it by 

 the siliceous spicules of the parent only. 



Furthermore, a kind of reproduction occurs in many 

 sponges by means of buds, which separate from the parent 

 in a partially developed condition, and grow up into a new 

 sponge organism. A comparatively simple case of this kind 

 appears to exist in Leucosolenia (Vassbur, No. 36.) The 

 young bud is here a simple outfolding of the body- wall, which 

 is soon separated as an independent sac-like body, and after 

 becoming attached, grows up, and by the production of an 

 osculum becomes a young Leucosolenia. In a similar man- 



K. H. E. D 



