254 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



railway travelling, the increase was greater in a second than in a first-class 

 carnage, and greatest in a third-class and on the engine. An increase was 

 also produced by rowing, swimming, walking, running, carrying weights, 

 ascending and descending steps, and the labor of the tread-wheel ; and in 

 several of these cases the rate of increase was determined for different 

 degrees of exertion used. Reading aloud and singing, and the movement 

 recommended by Dr. Hall for restoring suspended respiration, increased the 

 quantity ; bending forward, whilst sitting, lessened it. 



The quantity of inspired air was increased by exposure to the heat and 

 light of the sun, and lessened in darkness. Increase and decrease of artifi- 

 cial heat produced corresponding effects ; and the depth of respiration was 

 greatly increased by great heat. An increase in quantity was caused also 

 by cold bathing, and sponging, and the cold shower-bath; by breakfast, 

 dinner, and tea when tea actually was taken; but when coffee was sub- 

 stituted, there was a decrease. Supper of bread and milk also caused a 

 decrease. Milk by itself, with suet, caused an increase. 



An increase was obtained with the following articles of diet, viz. : eggs, 

 beefsteak, jelly, white bread (home-made), oatmeal, potatoes, sugar, tea, 

 rum (1 oz). The following caused a decrease, viz. : butter, fat of beef, olive- 

 oil, cod-liver oil, arrow-root, brandy (1 oz. to If oz.), and kirchenwasser. 

 Ether (i drachm) increased the quantity and depth of inspiration. A 

 decrease in quantity was caused by sp. ammon. co. ( Siss), sp. ammon. foet. 

 ( 3iss), tincture of opium (20D1), morphia (^ and ^gr.), tartarized antimony 

 (] gr.), and chlorid of sodium. 



Carbonate of ammonia (15 grains) caused a small increase, at first, and 

 then a small decrease; febrifuge medicines had a like effect. Chlorofonn 

 (25 HI and sss), by the stomach, varied the quantity from an average increase 

 of 28 cubic inches to an average decrease of 20 cubic inches per minute, 

 with a maximum increase of 63 cubic inches per minute. Chloric ether 

 (Jss) also varied the quantity, but there was an average increase of 17 cubic 

 inches per minute, and of 1'8 per minute, in the rate; whilst the pulse fell, 

 on the average, 1'7 per minute. Chloroform, by inhalation (to just short of 

 unconsciousness), lowered the quantity a little during the inhalation, and 

 more so afterwards. The rate was unchanged, but the pulse fell, on an 

 average, 1*7 per minute. Amylcne, similarly administered, and to the same 

 degree, increased the quantity, during inhalation, 60 cubic inches per min- 

 ute, but afterwards decreased it to 100 cubic inches per minute less than 

 during the inspiration. 



DETECTION OF ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY. 



Dr. Odling has ascertained that -g^-^ grain of arsenious acid may be de- 

 tected with certainty by means of Reinsch's test, and that the metallic de- 

 posite, crystalline sublimate, and yellow sulphide, may be obtained succes- 

 sively. He gives the preference to fine copper gauze for the precipitation of 

 the arsenic, and conducts the sublimation in a hard glass tube, two inches 

 long, one-eight inch diameter, sealed at one end, and drawn out at the other 

 end to about an inch, almost capillary. He finds that decisive results are 

 obtained Avhen the dilution amounts to 2,250,000 times the weight of arse- 

 nious acid. Protracted ebullition seems to be a necessary condition of the 

 deposition of arsenic, particularly when the quantity is small or the degree 

 of dilution great. It has been urged as an objection to Reinsch's test, that 



