272 NATURAL SCIENCE. Oct.. 



at about this stage of the history of the old Wealden Range or 

 Island, and were probably characterised by the presence of iron-oxide 

 in greater quantity than in the common ferruginous gravels of the 

 South-east of England at present. Man, being present, used such 

 pieces of the flint as suited his requirements. Probably, at first, with 

 little or no alteration of their form ; but afterwards he applied them 

 with definite modification of their shapes to meet his wants in killing, 

 skinning, cutting, fire-making, rubbing, pounding, scraping, drilling, 

 knocking, breaking, chopping, digging, etc., that is, in tooling and other 

 processes. Such implements he made and left there, on that old, very 

 old, probably pre-Glacial ground. {See Fig. i.) 



6. This gravel extended down the side of the "dome," perhaps 

 tailing down the slopes of uplands by slips, slides, and slushings, 

 probably by more than one stage, after its formation ; or, during a 

 succeeding age, the encroaching sea cutting away the lessening dome, 

 or torrents scoring the hill- sides, removed the more or less extensive 

 deposits of ferruginous gravel, with the rude implements left upon it, 

 and spread out the much-worn relics on the slopes of the Chalk below. 

 Here they are now found on the isolated plateau ; and they lie on the 

 red Clay-with-flints, that had been in process of formation previously, 

 for ages, by the gradual solution of the Chalk below, and the settlement 

 of argillaceous and sandy matter from the overlying and gradually 

 disappearing Tertiaries. This was co-extensive with the Chalk- 

 surface; and on it lies some of the transported ochreous gravel, 

 together with Tertiary pebbles, less-worn flint-stones, and some debris 

 of the Lower Greensand, which the wave-line had then reached. The 

 presence of chert fragments from the Lower Greensand proves that 

 the current of driftage (or the tailing of the gravel) must have passed 

 over the outcrop of the Lower Greensand, and therefore here from 

 south to north, on a continuous surface. {See Fig. 2.) 



7. Subsequently the outlying Chalk (now the plateau above 

 referred to, sloping from an elevation of about 800 feet on the south, 

 to 400 feet, and less, on the north) was cut off, by denudation in the 

 Glacial Period, from the rem.aining uplands of the once lofty range ; 

 the Holmesdale (or Weald-clay Valley) lying below the escarpment of 

 the Lower Greensand at the foot of the diminished dome, and the 

 <Gault Valley at the foot of the Chalk escarpment. {See Fig. i.) 



The Diestian or Lenham beds were formed in the early Pliocene 

 period, and the denudation probably began directly afterwards, at 

 about the time of the Red or the Chillesford Crag, in late Pliocene 

 or post-Pliocene times ; and as the old ferruginous gravel had not 

 only been formed but had been brought to a lower level before that 

 time, it must be regarded as of pre-Glacial age. 



A similar series of occurrences and geological results evidently 

 took place on the south side of the old Wealden uplands, giving 

 origin to the brown-coated rude implements at Friston, near East- 

 bourne, in Sussex. 



