THE MAN-LIKE APES. 17 



is devoted to what he calls Satyrus indicus " called by 

 the Indians Orang-autang, or JUan-of-the-Woods, and by 

 the Africans Qnoias Morrou." lie gives a very good 

 figure, evidently from the life, of the specimen of this 

 animal, " nostra memoria ex Angola delatum," presented 

 to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. Tulpius says it 

 was as big as a child of three years old, and as stout as 

 one of six years: and that its back was covered with 

 black hair. It is plainly a young' Chimpanzee. 



In the meanwhile, the existence of other, Asiatic, 

 man-like Apes became known, but at first in a very 

 mythical fashion. Thus Bontius (1658) gives an alto- 

 gether fabulous and ridiculous account and figure of an 

 animal which he calls " Orang-outang " ; and though he 

 says " vidi Ego cujus effigiem hie exhibeo," the said effi- 

 gies (see fig. 6 for Hoppius' copy of it) is nothing but a 

 very hairy woman of rather comely aspect, and with pro- 

 portions and feet wholly human. The judicious English 

 anatomist, Tyson, was justified in saying of this descrip- 

 tion by Bontius, " I confess I do mistrust the whole repre- 

 sentation." 



It is to the last mentioned writer, and his coadjutor 

 Cowper, that we owe the first account of a man-like ape 

 which has any pretensions to a scientific accuracy and 

 completeness. The treatise entitled, Orang-outang, sive 

 Homo Sylvesiris / or the Anatomy of a Pygmie compared 

 with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man" published 

 by the Eoyal Society in 1699, is, indeed, a work of re- 

 markable merit, and has, in some respects, served as a 

 model to subsequent inquirers. This " Pygmie," Tyson 

 tells us, " was brought from Angola, in Africa ; but was 

 first taken a great deal higher up the country ; " its hair 

 " was of a coal-black colour, and strait," and " when it 

 went as a quadruped on all four, 'twas awkwardly ; not 



