100 THE RELATIONS OF MAN 



the general level of the other teeth. The roots of the false 

 molar teeth of the Gorilla, again, are more complex than 

 in Man, and the proportional size of the molars is differ- 

 ent. The Gorilla has the crown of the hindmost grinder 

 of the lower jaw more complex, and the order of eruption 

 of the permanent teetli is different ; the permanent ca- 

 nines making their appearance before the second and third 

 molars in Man, and after them in the Gorilla. 



Thus, while the teeth of the Gorilla closely resemble 

 those of Man in number, kind, and in the general pattern 

 of their crowns, they exhibit marked differences from 

 those of Man in secondary respects, such as relative size, 

 number of fangs, and order of appearance. 



But, if the teeth of the Gorilla be compared with those 

 of an Ape, no further removed from it than a Cynocepha- 

 lus, or Baboon, it will be found that differences and re- 

 semblances of the same order are easily observable ; but 

 that many of the points in which the Gorilla resembles 

 Man are those in which it differs from the Baboon ; while 

 various respects in which it differs from Man are exagger- 

 ated in the Cynocephalus. The number and the nature 

 of the teeth remain the same in the Baboon as in the Go- 

 rilla and in Man. But the pattern of the Baboon's upper 

 molars is quite different from that described above (Fig. 

 18), the canines are proportionally longer and more knife- 

 like ; the anterior premolar in the lower jaw is specially 

 modified ; the posterior molar of the lower jaw is still 

 larger and more complex than in the Gorilla. 



Passing from the old-world Apes to those of the new 

 world, we meet with a change of much greater importance 

 than any of these. In such a genus as Oebus, for example 

 (Fig. 18), it will be found that while in some secondary 

 points, such as the projection of the canines and the dias- 

 tema, the resemblance to the great ape is preserved ; in 



