TO THE LOWER ANIMALS. 101 



other and most important respects, the dentition is ex- 

 tremely different. Instead of 20 teeth in the milk set, 

 there are 24 : instead of 32 teeth in the permanent set, 

 there are 36, the false molars being increased from eight 

 to twelve. And in form the crowns of the molars are 

 very unlike those of the Gorilla, and differ far more widely 

 from the human pattern. 



The Marmosets, on the other hand, exhibit the same 

 number of teeth as Man and the Gorilla ; but, notwith- 

 standing this, their dentition is very different, for they 

 have four more false molars, like the other American mon- 

 keys — but as they have four fewer true molars, the total 

 remains the same. And passing from the American apes 

 to the Lemurs, the dentition becomes still more com- 

 pletely and essentially different from that of the Gorilla. 

 The incisors begin to vary both in number and in form. 

 The molars acquire, more and more, a many-pointed, in- 

 sectivorous character, and in one Genus, the Aye- Aye 

 (Cheiromys), the canines disappear, and the teeth com- 

 pletely simulate those of a Rodent (Fig. 18). 



Hence it is obvious that, greatly as the dentition of the 

 highest Ape differs from that of Man, it differs far more 

 widely from that of the lower and lowest Apes. 



• 



Whatever part of the animal fabric — whatever series 

 of muscles, whatever viscera might be selected for com- 

 parison — the result would be the same — the lower Apes 

 and the Gorilla would differ more than the Gorilla and 

 the Man. I cannot attempt in this place to follow out all 

 these comparisons in detail, and indeed it is unnecessary I 

 should do so. But certain real, or supposed, structural dis- 

 tinctions between man and the apes remain, upon which 

 so much stress has been laid, that they require careful 

 consideration, in order that the true value may be assigned 



